Concentration gradient induced morphology evolution of silica nanostructure growth on photoresist-derived carbon micropa
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NANO EXPRESS
Open Access
Concentration gradient induced morphology evolution of silica nanostructure growth on photoresist-derived carbon micropatterns Dan Liu1, Tielin Shi2, Shuang Xi2, Wuxing Lai2, Shiyuan Liu2, Xiaoping Li1 and Zirong Tang1,2*
Abstract The evolution of silica nanostructure morphology induced by local Si vapor source concentration gradient has been investigated by a smart design of experiments. Silica nanostructure or their assemblies with different morphologies are obtained on photoresist-derived three-dimensional carbon microelectrode array. At a temperature of 1,000°C, rope-, feather-, and octopus-like nanowire assemblies can be obtained along with the Si vapor source concentration gradient flow. While at 950°C, stringlike assemblies, bamboo-like nanostructures with large joints, and hollow structures with smaller sizes can be obtained along with the Si vapor source concentration gradient flow. Both vapor–liquid-solid and vapor-quasiliquid-solid growth mechanisms have been applied to explain the diverse morphologies involving branching, connecting, and batch growth behaviors. The present approach offers a potential method for precise design and controlled synthesis of nanostructures with different features. Keywords: Silica nanostructure, Morphology, Concentration gradient, Evolution, Micropattern PACS: 62.23.St complex nanostructures, 61.46.Np structure of nanotubes, 85.40.Hp lithography, masks and pattern transfer
Background In recent years, nanomaterials with diverse configurations have been investigated actively to explore their different properties which are strongly dependent on the internal and external structural features [1-3]. Various silica nanostructures and their assemblies have demonstrated unique physical, chemical, and optical properties [4-7], which can be used for a wide range of applications. For example, silica nanoparticles with solid or porous structures have been applied for biomedical imaging or theranostic applications as nanoprobes after introducing new functional groups [8]. Silica nanotubes with tubular hollow structures would not only realize easier surface functionalizations on both the outer and inner walls, but would also show potential applications in bioanalysis [9], biocatalysis, [10] and optical devices [11]. Rope-like silica nanowire assemblies showing reversible blue light emission behavior in photoluminescence and infrared analysis could be used to fabricate effective optoelectronic * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2 State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
devices and optical signal humid sensors [12]. Theoretical calculations have also been conducted to explore some interesting optical properties of silica nanoclusters [13,14]. Up to the present, many approaches have been introduced to synthesize silica nanostructures [15-19], an
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