Conceptualizing the West in International Relations From Spengler to
West is a concept widely used in international relations, but we rarely reflect on what we mean by the term. Conceptions of and what the West is vary widely. This book examines conceptions of the West drawn from writers from diverse historical and intelle
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Also by Jacinta O’Hagan CONTENDING IMAGES OF WORLD POLITICS (co-editor with Greg Fry)
Conceptualizing the West in International Relations From Spengler to Said Jacinta O’Hagan School of Political Science and International Studies University of Queensland Australia
© Jacinta O’ Hagan 2002 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2002 978-0-333-92037-4 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2002 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-42452-8 ISBN 978-1-4039-0752-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781403907523 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data O’Hagan, Jacinta. Conceptualizing the West in international relations: from Spengler to Said/ Jacinta O’Hagan. p. cm Originally presented as the author’s thesis (doctoral – Australian National University). Includes bibiliographical references and index. 1. Western Hemisphere – Foreign relations. 2. International relations – Philosophy. 3. Critical theory. I. Title. JZ1464.O36 2002 327’.09182’1–dc21 2001058058 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 Typeset by EXPO Holdings, Malaysia
For Gary
Contents Acknowledgements
viii
Introduction: The West and Cultural World Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1
The West, Civilizations and International Relations Theory
21
Towards a Framework for Conceptualizing the West in International Relations
43
Faust in the Twilight: Conceptions of the West in Oswald Spengler
59
The Parochial Civilization: Arnold Toynbee’s Conception of the West
83
Universalizing the West? The Conception of the West in the Work of the ‘International Society’ School
108
History’s End? Francis Fukuyama’s Conception of the West
132
Civilizations in Conflict: Samuel Huntington’s Conception of the West
157
The Occident and its Significant ‘Other’: Edward Said’s West
185
Conclusion: Continuities and Difference: Conceptions of the West and Cultural World Order Compared
212
Notes
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