Concluding Remarks and Research Needs
A key motivation for this handbook arose from the different perceptions of scientists and regulators of the scientific advances made during the last 30 years in the field of bioavailability of organic chemicals in soil and sediment. This last chapter prov
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Contents 1 Is Bioavailability Science Ready for Use in Regulation of Organic Chemicals? 2 How Should Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals Be Measured? 3 How Should Bioavailability Be Implemented into Regulation of Organic Chemicals? 4 Research Needs in Bioavailability 5 Conclusions References
Abstract A key motivation for this handbook arose from the different perceptions of scientists and regulators of the scientific advances made during the last 30 years in the field of bioavailability of organic chemicals in soil and sediment. This last chapter provides a distillation of the general messages extracted from the individual chapters from this handbook, by answering the following questions: (1) Is bioavailability science ready for use in regulation? (2) How should bioavailability be measured? And (3) how should it be implemented? We conclude the chapter with the research needs covering the knowledge gaps that still remain after this effort, focusing on the methodologies for measuring bioavailability, the environmental risks of non-bioavailable compounds, and the innovative remediation of contaminated waters, sediments, and soils. Keywords Communication, Methods, Regulation, Remediation, Risk
J. J. Ortega-Calvo (*) Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS-CSIC), Seville, Spain e-mail: [email protected] J. R. Parsons Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Jose Julio Ortega-Calvo and John Robert Parsons (eds.), Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals in Soil and Sediment, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_573, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
J. J. Ortega-Calvo and J. R. Parsons
Over the last 30 years, numerous studies have established a solid knowledge about the bioavailability of organic chemicals in soil and sediment. However, this knowledge has not always been used to provide relevant and measurable data to support risk assessment (RA) and remediation. This uncertainty and the missing integrated approach for implementation have fueled the reluctance of the regulatory/RA community to include bioavailability within RA and management procedures and, ultimately, legislation. It is important to be aware of the differences between scientific and regulatory perceptions; these differences served as the key motivation for this handbook. In regulatory decision-making scenarios, a greater degree of clarity and predictability and, perhaps, greater simplicity are required compared with those required in science. However, other factors influence the decision-making process by regulators, for example, the costs, the uncertainties, the purpose of the site to be used, who is responsible, and whether the adapted risk results in any damage. Scientific developments need specific adaptation measures, leading to practical approaches ready to be used in this context. For bioavailability to be accepted by environmental regulators and incorporated into RA frameworks for organic chemicals, three questions must be addressed: (1) Is bioavailability
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