Conclusions and Future Work Recommendations
Rectangular cross-sectional micro-channels of different sizes have been fabricated in selected aerospace alloys, including nickel alloy (Inconel 718), titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) and aluminum alloy (AA 2024) through laser beam micro-milling (LBMM) with Nd:
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Rectangular cross-sectional micro-channels of different sizes have been fabricated in selected aerospace alloys, including nickel alloy (Inconel 718), titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) and aluminum alloy (AA 2024) through laser beam micro-milling (LBMM) with Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The laser beam micro-milling is performed under two ambient conditions such as dry conditions and wet conditions. The micro-milling processes corresponding to the machining conditions are termed as; (1) underwater laser beam micro-milling (UWLBMM), and (2) dry laser beam micro-milling (DLBMM). The effects of laser process parameters (i.e., lamp current intensity, pulse frequency and laser scanning speed) on micro-channel’s geometrical characteristics (e.g., top width, bottom width, depth, and taperness) have been experimentally investigated. In addition to micro-geometries, the microstructures and micro-hardness profiles of the ablated channels were also examined. In the light of the experimental results, discussions and analysis the research outcomes are classified into two categories according to the employed machining conditions (dry and wet). Thus, the main findings of this research could be established such as follows [47, 80, 124, 283, 305, 307, 331 and 332].
1 Conclusions of UWLBMM The research on underwater laser beam micro-milling (UWLBMM) has demonstrated that the laser beam machining in the presence of static water film above the work sample is a potential candidate of machining micro-channels. The channel’s appearance, geometries and shapes can be controlled by the optimized process parameters. Related to under water laser beam micro-milling the following inferences may possible be drawn [305 and 307]: 1. The under-water LBMM with static mode of water can generate two sub-channels instead of one micro-channel. The governing phenomenon behind © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2017 S.M.H. Darwish et al. (eds.), Laser Beam Micro-milling of Micro-channels in Aerospace Alloys, Advanced Structured Materials 68, DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-3602-6_9
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Conclusions and Future Work Recommendations
the fabrication of sub-channels is the use of re-deposition of melt debris due to the presence of static water film above the substrate surface and the disturbance of beam focus. 2. For same parametric settings, the laser beam machining under dry conditions results into a single V-shaped micro-channel while the laser beam machining under wet conditions generates a set of two sub-channels, especially when machining narrow sized micro-channels such as 100 50 and 100 100 µm. Hence, for narrow sized micro-channels ( 100 100 µm) the laser beam machining under water immersion is two-fold productive than dry laser beam machining. 3. Machining under wet environment offers relatively fine profiled channels without burrs and recast layer at the channel edges. Dry conditions generate oversize in width and depth while water immersion produces undersize geometry. 4. Laser power influences the channel’s geometry more prominently in dry machining conditions
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