Congenital Heart Defects Decision Making for Cardiac Surgery Volume
The diagnosis and management of congenital heart defects has rapidly evolved over the last few decades. In this third volume of the series entitled "Congenital Heart Defects: Decision Making for Surgery" Antonio Corno provides an up-to-date and compr
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With compliments
A. F. Corno P. Festa z Congenital Heart Defects P. Festa Decision Making for Cardiac Surgery Volume 3 CT-Scan and MRI
Dedicated to our loved children Federica, Laura, Jonathan, Bean Laura, Paula, Pablo, Kiko
A. F. Corno P. Festa
Congenital Heart Defects Decision Making for Cardiac Surgery
Volume 3 CT-Scan and MRI Foreword by Richard Jonas
With 198 Figures in 400 Separate Illustrations
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Antonio F. Corno, MD, FRCS (Glasgow), FACC, FETCS Cardiac Surgery Alder Hey Royal Children Hospital Eaton Road Liverpool, L12 2AP England, UK Gigi P. Festa, MD Pediatric Cardiologist Ospedale Pediatrico Apuano “G. Pasquinucci”, CNR Via Aurelia Sud 54100 Massa Italy
ISBN 978-3-7985-1718-9 Steinkopff Verlag Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Steinkopff Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Steinkopff Verlag a member of Springer Science+Business Media www.steinkopff.com © Steinkopff Verlag 2009 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the application of operative techniques and medications contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Medical Editor: Dr. Annette Gasser Production: Klemens Schwind Cover Design: WMX Design GmbH, Heidelberg Typesetting: K+V Fotosatz GmbH, Beerfelden Printing and Binding: Stürtz GmbH, Würzburg SPIN 11861614
85/7231-5 4 3 2 1 0 – Printed on acid-free paper
Foreword The diagnosis and management of congenital heart disease has evolved rapidly over the last 30 years. In the 1970s, invasive cardiac catheterization was a high-risk procedure for the infant and particularly the duct dependent neonate. The introduction of noninvasive 2-dimensional echocardiography revolutionized the diagnosis and management of individuals with congenital heart disease. No longer was the cardiologist limited to a handful of images and patient positions but could spend hours if necessary defining every detail of an individual child’s cardiac anomaly. The addition
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