Conjunctival bacterial flora and their antibiotic sensitivity among patients scheduled for cataract surgery in a tertiar
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CATARACT
Conjunctival bacterial flora and their antibiotic sensitivity among patients scheduled for cataract surgery in a tertiary hospital in south-east Nigeria Cyril Chukwukama Mamah 1 & Okey Charles Anyalebechi 1 & Stella Ngozi Onwubiko 1 F. C. Maduka-Okafor 1 & S. O. Ebede 2 & R. E. Umeh 1
&
Mary Nkeiruka Okoloagu 1 &
Received: 19 June 2020 / Revised: 2 September 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose To determine the pre-operative conjunctival bacteria flora and their antibiotic susceptibility among patients scheduled for cataract surgery. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study design was adopted. It involved 104 consecutive, consented patients scheduled for cataract surgery at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, from June to September 2017. The participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, medical, and social history were obtained through interviewer-administered questionnaire. Conjunctival swab was obtained from the inferior fornix of the eye scheduled for cataract surgery using sterile swab stick and transported to medical laboratory for analysis. Susceptibility tests were carried out on the representatives of different groups of available antibiotics. Data was analyzed using the SPSS version 23. Result The participants were mainly females (64.4%), married, and farmers, with at least primary school education and a mean age of 64 ± 2SD years. The conjunctival swab bacteria isolation rate was 36.5%. Gram-positive bacteria accounted for 73.7% of the total isolates. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (34.2%) was the most frequently isolated bacteria. Gentamicin, ofloxacin, and polymycin B (76%) were the most efficacious antibiotics followed by moxifloxacin and tobramycin (68%) on all the isolates. Ofloxacin (82%) was the most sensitive to Gram positive while gentamicin (90%) was for Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion In Enugu, the most common pre-operative conjunctival bacteria isolated were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus with varied antibiotic sensitivity. Routine prophylaxis with gentamicin and ofloxacin is therefore advised to forestall the dreaded post-operative endophthalmitis. Keywords Conjunctival bacteria . Cataract surgery . Enugu Nigeria
Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that globally, 285 million persons are affected by visual impairment, 86% of this number have low vision of which 33% is due to cataract, while the remaining 14% are blind of which cataract
* Stella Ngozi Onwubiko [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu PMB 01129, Nigeria
2
Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu PMB 01129, Nigeria
was responsible for 51% [1]. In Nigeria, cataract accounted for 43% of blindness [2]. Endophthalmitis is a severe and dreaded complication of cataract surgery. It could cause permanent loss of vision a
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