CONNECTOME or COLLECTOME? A NEUROPHILOSOPHICAL Perspective
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CONNECTOME or COLLECTOME? A NEUROPHILOSOPHICAL Perspective Mehmet Emin Ceylan 1 & Fatma Duygu Kaya Yertutanol 2,3 Pınar Öz 5 & Barış Önen Ünsalver 2,3 & Alper Evrensel 2,3
4
& Aslıhan Dönmez &
Accepted: 8 September 2020/ # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Human beings exist in a biological and social system from a micro to a macro level, by means of “collectivity”, a dynamic collaboration that they have established together with the elements in that system in a way to complement each other and realize a common goal. Many neuroscientific concepts used today to explain neuronal processes from which mental functions originate are far from searching answers to traditional philosophical questions. However, the brain — as the generator of highly abstract concepts — is so complex that it cannot be explained by minimalistic approaches. The concept of connectome used in recent years to describe neuronal connections from which brain functions originate exemplifies this minimalistic approach, because it only describes structural and functional connections but does not look at brain functions in a holistic view. For this reason, we propose the concept of collectome — to replace the concept of connectome — that describes a homeomorphic and homotopic neuronal framework that has a bicontinuous style of work from micro to macroscale which is based on fractal rules. Keywords Connectome . Collectome . Collectivity . Homeomorphism . Homotopy
Introduction Collectivity Life has been established through “partnerships”. The sustainability of life is possible by numerous partnerships that take place among various units at different scales from small to large (Ladoux and Mège 2017; Zahadat and Hofstadler 2019). By starting from the molecular and cellular level, in each system that forms any organism, then on the
* Fatma Duygu Kaya Yertutanol [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
Integr Psych Behav
level of the entire organism, and then, in every member of that species and in a way to extend to all living beings, numerous partnerships may be in question. In any scale that is given, the functioning of a unit belonging to any system is possible by partnerships that are established with other units that form the system. Here, “unit” refers to a smaller construct, of a relatively larger form that has a structural and/or functional integrity, which also has an integrity within itself. To provide an example on a molecular level, if we consider carbon and oxygen atoms as “units” and the carbon dioxide formed by them as a “higher unit or system”, we see that four electrons are shared between a carbon atom and oxygen atoms (Stoker 2015). In this common use, electrons are neither given by oxygen atoms to carbon nor received by carbon. They are only shared. Carbon can establish partnerships with four elements at the same time, explaining how life is based on carbon. This also shows why the building block of life is about establishing partnerships
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