Consistent hashing with bounded loads and virtual nodes-based load balancing strategy for proxy cache cluster

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Consistent hashing with bounded loads and virtual nodes-based load balancing strategy for proxy cache cluster Min Xiang1 • Yuzhou Jiang1 • Zhong Xia1 • Chunmei Huang1 Received: 23 September 2019 / Revised: 12 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 February 2020  Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract Response time and bandwidth occupancy of backbone network are greatly affected by load balancing and cache hit ratio in proxy cache cluster (PCC). A novel load balancing strategy is proposed to improve the homogeneous and heterogeneous PCC performance. By combining with the different performance parameters, performance ratio can be formulated with independent information data fluctuation weighting method, and the virtual nodes (VNs) attached to every cache node (CN) can be generated by a random function. The greatest common divisor m of the number of VNs attached to every CN can be calculated and the hash ring is cut into m arcs, and the VNs are mapped proportionally to arcs of the hash ring by the MD5 function. Requests are assigned to VNs based on the forwarding rule of consistent hashing with bounded loads, and the CN in correspondence with the VNs will be selected to provide services. Simulation results show that the strategy can significantly improve the load balancing in homogeneous and heterogeneous PCC, effectively reduce bandwidth occupancy of backbone network and PCC response time. Keywords Proxy cache cluster  Load balancing  Consistent hashing  Bounded loads  Virtual nodes

1 Introduction Due to the boom in Internet, network applications have been involved in all aspects of daily lives, and the server loads increase continually [1, 2]. At the same time, multimedia technologies make an increase of image and video data in public network, which lead to a tight Bandwidth Occupancy of Backbone Network (BOBN) and the addition of access delay [3, 4]. The proxy cache cluster (PCC) technology is proposed to reduce the consumption of BOBN and access delay [5]. PCC refers to a group of proxy & Min Xiang [email protected] Yuzhou Jiang [email protected]; [email protected] Zhong Xia [email protected] Chunmei Huang [email protected] 1

Key Laboratory of Industrial Internet of Things & Networked Control, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China

servers which implements the cache mechanism and provides services for clients by deploying cache nodes (CNs) on the edge of the backbone network [6, 7]. When a resource is requested by a client, it will be returned to the client from a proxy cache directly if there is the requested one in the proxy cache. Otherwise, the proxy cache will forward the request to the web server and backup the supply to the local area before returning. The performance of PCC is related to load balance degree (LBD) and cache hit ratio (CHR) [8, 9]. A large LBD represents a poor load-balancing effect [10], which may cause some CNs to be overloaded while s