Consolidating Adhesive Project
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Consolidating Adhesive Project R. Ploeger, C. Del Grosso†, J. A. Poulis†, D. Cimino‡, T. Poli‡, E. R. de la Rie*, C. W. McGlinchey** SUNY Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Ave, Buffalo, NY, 14222, U.S.A. † Delft University of Technology, Adhesion Institute, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands ‡University of Torino, Italy, Department of Chemistry, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125, Torino, Italy *University of Amsterdam, Johannes Vermeerplein 1, 1071 DV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ** The Museum of Modern Art, 11 West 53rd Street, New York, New York, 10019, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The consolidating adhesive project is an international collaboration which aims to develop a new adhesive with well characterized physical, optical, and ageing characteristics specific for the consolidation of painted layers. Since starting in 2010, many findings have been made, and new useful polymer-tackifier, and polymer-tackifier-wax blends have been tested. The concept of component miscibility and the effect it has on the final properties of the adhesive is complex, but fundamental to the development of a new product. To quantify the properties conservators most need, the initial focus was on understanding BEVA® 371, a widely used poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) based heat-seal adhesive. It was originally developed as a lining adhesive for paintings, and has been adapted by conservators for a variety of consolidating applications; however, its ideal consolidation performance properties are starting to be out-weighed by concerns regarding its long-term stability, as well as recent formulation changes. There is a need for a new adhesive tailored to the requirements of the conservation field. This paper will discuss the results obtained thus far, and the goals for the future. The project is entering a new phase, where we hope to continue to explore new blends, and have conservator testing on painting mock-ups.
INTRODUCTION It is a well-known fact that paintings are multi-layered structures with different and often complex materials. In a traditional approach, we have a support, a sizing, ground, paint layers, and varnish (Figure 1); all of these layers have different chemical compositions, stabilities, and mechanical properties, and the film thickness varies unlike the schematic illustrated. If we were to focus on paint alone, we have a wide range of binders (from natural to synthetic), additives, pigments, etc; again, depending on their formulation they will have different chemistries, stabilities and mechanical properties. There may be residual stresses from drying or new stresses resulting from climate fluctuations. It is no surprise that as these systems naturally age, we begin to see common conservation problems, including cracking and delamination of layers from one another.
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