Constitutive Behavior of an AA4032 Piston Alloy with Cu and Er Additions upon High-Temperature Compressive Deformation
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ALUMINUM alloys are widely used in the automotive industry where light weight becomes important due to the introduction of electric vehicles and the needed
SUWAREE CHANKITMUNKONG is with the Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, 126 Pracha-Utid Rd., Bangmod, Tungkhru, Bangkok 10140 Thailand, and Brunel University London, BCAST, Uxbridge, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK. Contact email: [email protected] DMITRY G. ESKIN is with the Brunel University London, BCAST, and the Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation 634050. CHAOWALIT LIMMANEEVICHITR is with the Department of Production Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi. Manuscript submitted May 5, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
reduction of emissions. For internal combustion engines, aluminum piston alloys are often used in engine parts that are exposed to high temperatures. Pistons are mainly manufactured by either casting or forging. Though similar in composition to casting piston alloys, wrought piston alloys require a different set of properties. In particular, the thermomechanical behavior of these alloys upon deformation becomes critical. However, there are limited reference data on the constitutive parameters that describe the thermomechanical behavior of high-silicon (near-eutectic) alloys. These constitutive parameters are important for computer simulations of alloy processing, which is useful for designing metal-forming processes, and consequently for obtaining high-quality final products. There are two main mechanisms that occur in the microstructure during hot deformation. The first mechanism is work hardening, which results from dislocation generation and hindered
movement in the structure. The increase of dislocation density and misorientation of grains during deformation results in the increase of the flow stress and strain hardening.[1] The second mechanism is softening, which includes dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX), or static recrystallization after the end of hot deformation.[2] These mechanisms can be related to the activation energy of deformation and the Zener–Hollomon (Z) parameter.[3] Recently, the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique was successfully used to analyze the recrystallization phenomena because it could show the grain orientations in relation to the neighboring grains after hot deformation.[4,5] Workability is usually defined as the amount of deformation and level of ductility that enables material plastic deformation without fracture or cracking, reaching desirable deformed microstructures at a given temperature and strain rate.[2] Improving workability means increasing the processing ability and improving the properties of the materials. This could be achieved by optimizing the deformation temperature and strain rate in hot processing. The deformation behavior of an AA4032 alloy was previously studied from 653 K to 753 K (380 C to 480
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