Contribution of Russian Experts to the Development of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
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Contribution of Russian Experts to the Development of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Ya. I. Yashina, * and A. Ya. Yashina aInterlab
Company, Moscow, 125212 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received December 30, 2019; revised March 24, 2020; accepted April 28, 2020
Abstract—The contribution of Russian experts to the development of HPLC is significant; they have proposed and developed new chromatography methods, adsorbents, and instruments. New applications of HPLC are proposed, in particular, for the separation of viruses, nanoparticles, optical isomers, peptides, and other compounds. HPLC has become widely used in Russia for the control of contamination of food products, medicines, and environmental samples, for the early diagnosis of dangerous diseases, for solving the problems of forensic chemistry and criminalistics. Keywords: high-performance liquid chromatography, adsorbents, chromatographs, methods, applications, separation DOI: 10.1134/S1061934820100159
Discovery of chromatography. M.S. Tswett proposed a liquid-adsorption version of chromatography. He announced the discovery of a new method for the separation of complex mixtures at a meeting of the Society of Naturalists on March 14, 1903 [1], although he wrote that “the source of the developed analytical method was in the Russian essay of 1901.” This discovery was the result of a large systematic work [2]. Tswett not only proposed a new method but also gave it a theoretical and experimental justification. The volume of the experiments performed was astounding: he studied more than one hundred substances only as adsorbents. Methodological and instrumental foundations of his work have still been used; in particular, all the basic methods of elution: frontal, displacement, and eluent, studied by Tswett have still been in use. He also showed for the first time the high performance of multicolumn chromatography options. Tswett has been awarded repeatedly for his work. He was granted the academic prize for scientific work on chromophylls of the plant and animal world and was awarded the Orders of St. Stanislav of the 3rd and 2nd degree (1907, 1915), St. Anna of the 3rd degree (1912), and an anniversary medal in honor of the 300th Anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. In 1918, Tswett was nominated for the Nobel Prize. Nowadays, the priority of Tswett is undeniable; he is one of one hundred most outstanding chemists in the world. The centenary of his birth in 1972 was widely celebrated. This year, several international symposia were held, including several in Leningrad. To celebrate the anniversary, the American Chemical Society estab-
lished the International Tswett Medal “For Outstanding Achievements in the Field of Chromatography.” Three Russian scientists were awarded this medal: A.V. Kiselev, A.A. Zhukhovitsky, and K.I. Sakodynsky. The international symposium in Tallinn in 1978 was dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the discovery of chromatography. A medal named after Tswett was issued for this anniversary, which was awarded to a large group
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