Control Motivation and Social Cognition
Over the past two decades theorists and researchers have given increasing attention to the effects, both beneficial and harmful, of various control related motivations and beliefs. People's notions of how much personal control they have or desire to have
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Gifford Weary Faith Gleicher Kerry L. Marsh Editors
Control Motivation and Social Cognition With 23 Illustrations
Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
GIFFORD WEARY, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, 142 Townsend Hall, 1885 Neil Avenue Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA FAITH GLEICHER, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA KERRY L. MARSH, Ph.D. Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Control motivation and social cognition / Gifford Weary, Faith Gleicher, Kerry L. Marsh, editors. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-8311-6 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8309-3
e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-8309-3
1. Control (Psychology) 2. Motivation (Psychology) 3. Locus of control. 4. Social perception. I. Weary, Gifford, 1951II. Gleicher, Faith. III. Marsh, Kerry L. BF611.C66 1993 153.8'5 - dc20 92-42359 Printed on acid-free paper.
© 1993 Springer-Verlag New York,
Inc. Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 1st edition 1993 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Production coordinated by Chernow Editorial Services, Inc. and managed by Christin R. Ciresi; manufacturing supervised by Jacqui Ashri. Typeset by Best-Set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong. Printed and bound by Edwards Brothers, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 987 6 5 4 3 2 1
To Our Husbands David A., David B., and Bill W.
Preface
Over the past two decades theorists and researchers have given increasing attention to the effects, both beneficial and harmful, of various controlrelated motivations and beliefs. People's notions of how much personal control they have or desire to have over important events in their lives have been used to explain a host of performance and adaptational outcomes, including motivational and performance deficits associated with learned helplessness (Abramson, Seligman, & Teasdale, 1978) and depression (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989), adaptation to aging (Baltes & Baltes, 1986; Rodin, 1986), cardiovascular disease (Matthews, 1982), cancer (Sklar & Anisman, 1979), increased reports of physical symptoms (Pennebaker, 1982), enhanced learning (Savage, Perlmutter, & Monty, 1979), achievement-related
