Control of poultry contamination in chlordecone-contaminated areas of the French West Indies
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ENVIRONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH ISSUES RELATED TO LONG TERM CONTAMINATION BY CHLORDECONE IN THE FRENCH WEST INDIES
Control of poultry contamination in chlordecone-contaminated areas of the French West Indies Stefan Jurjanz 1 & Agnès Fournier 1 & Florence Clostre 2 & Eric Godard 3 & Cyril Feidt 1 Received: 25 March 2019 / Accepted: 20 February 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The consumption of private hold poultry foodstuffs, escaping of official maximum residue limit (MRL) controls in the commercial foodstuff, is an important exposure way for the local populations to chlordecone on the French West Indies. Therefore, chlordecone contamination of different tissues in 42 birds from 32 private holders was determined depending on the contamination of the soil of the outside plot but also surveying the rearing practices of these holders of both islands. Chlordecone contents in tissues increased rapidly with this of the topsoil of the site. The most sensitive tissues to chlordecone presence were egg yolk and liver, followed by abdominal fat and finally leg tissue. The rearing practices varied between the surveyed private holders of both islands. Nevertheless, practices for the distribution of feed and water as well as covering of soil were hardly protective, what would increase the exposure risk of these birds to this potentially present soil-bound contaminant. Although depuration of birds seems possible, the ongoing modelization of the necessary time to meet MRL thresholds indicates that such time lapse seems hardly compatible with acceptable delays for private holders. Therefore, very protective rearing practices are the main way to obtain poultry foodstuffs compliant to MRL, what seems possible if the topsoil is contaminated at less than 0.1 mg kg−1 and perhaps up to 0.5 mg kg−1 if protective practices vis-a-vis of soil exposure are very strict. Nevertheless, a higher contamination of the topsoil seems not compatible with compliant poultry foodstuffs. Keywords Poultry . Egg . Rearing practices . Chlordecone . Soil contamination
Introduction In the French West Indies, the local consumption of poultry comes very few (12%) from professional producers but mainly from importations or self-consumption of birds reared out of professional systems (Galan et al. 2008). The latter takes place by private holders (Vincent et al. 2011) which rear the birds in free-range systems in these islands. Responsible editor: Philippe Garrigues * Stefan Jurjanz [email protected] 1
Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 2 avenue de la forêt-de-Haye, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
2
Cirad, Habitation Petit Morne, 97232 Le Lamentin, Martinique, France
3
Agence Régional de Santé, Espace Agora, route de la pointe des Sables, 97263 Fort-de-France, Martinique, France
Contrary to farming systems where birds are confined and fed with commercial feed, the animals in family rearing systems are generally raised outside with direct contact to soil. Therefore, this poultry can ingest soil
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