Controllable soliton transition and interaction in nonlocal nonlinear media
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Controllable soliton transition and interaction in nonlocal nonlinear media Qing Wang
. JianRong Yang . Guo Liang
Received: 25 April 2020 / Accepted: 29 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Two kinds of controllable evolutions of optical solitons are predicted in nonlocal nonlinear media by gradually tuning the characteristic length of response function. On the one hand, the solitons can smoothly transit among the ones of different widths. On the other hand, two parallel out-of-phase solitons can be conveniently tailored to attract or repel each other. In addition, numerical results demonstrate that all the transitions of fundamental and multipole solitons can be physically realized in actual nonlocal media, such as nematic liquid crystal, and are stable against noise. Obviously, control soliton widths and interactions have important research opportunities and application prospects in signal processing and transmission. Keywords Nonlinear optics Nonlocal media Soliton transition Controllable soliton interaction
Q. Wang J. Yang College of Science, JiuJiang University, Jiujiang 334000, Jiangxi, China G. Liang (&) School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, China e-mail: [email protected]
1 Introduction Solitons, as localized wave structures, have been largely investigated in a plethora of materials and several nonlinear mechanisms, such as fluids [1], plasma physics, cold Rydberg atomic gas [2], Bose– Einstein condensates [3], and optics [4–6]. In the field of nonlinear optical, solitons arise from the result of the balance between dispersion (or diffraction) and nonlinearity. Optical solitons have been studied for several decades because they exhibit novel properties and have fruitful applications in all-optical control and photonic signal processing. Various lines of researches have been developed, such as spatiotemporal light bullets found in multicore and multimode fibers [7]; vector solitons were investigated in nonlinear fractional Schro¨dinger equation [8]. The dynamics of loop soliton [9] and the nature of quadratic soliton have also been discussed [10]. Recently, nonlocal spatial optical solitons have attracted a wide range of interest both theoretically [11–16] and experimentally [17–21] because of some particular properties, such as the suppression of collapse [16], and the support of multipole solitons [22, 23]. In theory, a series of novel nonlocal solitons have been discovered, including complex-valued hyperbolic-sine-Gaussian solitons [24], complicated structure solitons [25], spatiotemporal solitons [26], ring dark and antidark solitons [27], etc. In experiment, NLC [20] and lead glass [21, 28] were
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discovered to be the strong nonlocal material, and their response functions were proved to be exponentialdecay and logarithm, respectively. For nonlocal nonlinear media, the light-induced perturbed refractive index is phenomenologically represented
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