Convective Drying Modeling Approaches: a Review for Herbs, Vegetables, and Fruits
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REVIEW
Convective Drying Modeling Approaches: a Review for Herbs, Vegetables, and Fruits Gibson P. Mutuli 1
&
Ayub N. Gitau 1 & Duncan O. Mbuge 1
Received: 31 December 2019 / Revised: 25 June 2020 / Accepted: 25 June 2020 # The Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2020
Abstract Purpose This paper presents advances in drying systems made through research and development. The advances have borne novel technologies that have improved energy use and optimized on food quality. Method Using a scale approach to modelling as macroscale and microscale models, the paper underscores the importance of modelling in research and development of drying systems. Results Gaps are identified in development of material properties in modelling, development of comprehensive Multiphysics models and user-friendly software for solution computation solution of the models. Conclusions Perspectives into the future of drying modelling should be concerted on the development of material properties, more complete multiphysics models, and development of software that is more user-friendly and is accurate. This would facilitate the convergence of research and industry in terms of developing advanced processes. The physics-based modeling methods have shown to be promising and will presumably be an imperative tool in research and development. Keywords Convective drying . Physics modeling . Empirical modeling . Material properties
Introduction Drying is a significant unit process applied in food preservation, and its evolution has borne technology that has application to a diverse range and variety of food products than any other food preservation methods. It is a physical process that involves thermal abstraction of moisture from a material(s) domain to attain required moisture content, and in the process, volatile substances like alkaloids, flavonoids, and chlorophyll are also lost. Essentially, a drying process should yield high product quality and achieve high throughput at frugal operational costs (Motevali et al. 2011). It is usually an energy-intensive unit operation, and thus the need to use efficient processes and equipment for drying processes. In modern times, the most equipment life cycle is evaluated from its efficiency in energy consumption (Strumillo 2009). There is, therefore, continuous development of drying systems to achieve innovative drying technologies through intensive research and development; through
* Gibson P. Mutuli [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental and Biosystem Engineering, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
experimentation, numerical, and simulation analysis of proposed technological advancements in drying technology; and through design and performance/troubleshooting assessment of systems and equipment. Experimentation is the backbone of the research and development process, but it is complemented by numerical modeling and simulation to reduce costs and time inputs. For experiments, data is usually analyzed by making correlations of appropri
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