Convective plasma stability consistent with MHD equilibrium in magnetic confinement systems with a decreasing field
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ETIC CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS
Convective Plasma Stability Consistent with MHD Equilibrium in Magnetic Confinement Systems with a Decreasing Field M. M. Tsventoukh Lebedev Physical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiі pr. 53, Moscow, 119991 Russia Received February 4, 2010; in final form, March 25, 2010
Abstract—A study is made of the convective (interchange, or flute) plasma stability consistent with equilib rium in magnetic confinement systems with a magnetic field decreasing outward and large curvature of mag netic field lines. Algorithms are developed which calculate convective plasma stability from the Kruskal– Oberman kinetic criterion and in which the convective stability is iteratively consistent with MHD equilib rium for a given pressure and a given type of anisotropy in actual magnetic geometry. Vacuum and equilibrium convectively stable configurations in systems with a decreasing, highly curved magnetic field are calculated. It is shown that, in convectively stable equilibrium, the possibility of achieving high plasma pressures in the central region is restricted either by the expansion of the separatrix (when there are large regions of a weak magnetic field) or by the filamentation of the gradient plasma current (when there are small regions of a weak magnetic field, in which case the pressure drops mainly near the separatrix). It is found that, from the stand point of equilibrium and of the onset of nonpotential ballooning modes, a kinetic description of convective stability yields better plasma confinement parameters in systems with a decreasing, highly curved magnetic field than a simpler MHD model and makes it possible to substantially improve the confinement parameters for a given type of anisotropy. For the Magnetor experimental compact device, the maximum central pressure consistent with equilibrium and stability is calculated to be as high as β ~ 30%. It is shown that, for the anisot ropy of the distribution function that is typical of a background ECR plasma, the limiting pressure gradient is about two times steeper than that for an isotropic plasma. From a practical point of view, the possibility is demonstrated of achieving better confinement parameters of a hot collisionless plasma in systems with a decreasing, highly curved magnetic field than those obtained with the simplest MHD description. DOI: 10.1134/S1063780X10100053
1. INTRODUCTION The principle of plasma stabilization by a gradual decrease in pressure in confinement systems with a large magnetic curvature was proposed by Kadomtsev [1]. The essence of the principle is that, even without a magnetic field minimum and a magnetic shear, the plasma can be stabilized against convective (inter change, or flute) perturbations when its pressure decreases sufficiently gradually toward its edge. In the simplest MHD description [1–5], the critical pressure gradient is given by the condition [1]
∇ p∇ U < γ p (∇ U ) U , 2
∫
(1)
where U ≡ – dl/B , the integration is along the mag netic field lines, and γ = 5/3 is the adiabatic in
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