Convenient blending of alginate fibers with polyamide fibers for flame-retardant non-woven fabrics
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Convenient blending of alginate fibers with polyamide fibers for flame-retardant non-woven fabrics Feng-Qi Zhang . Bin Wang . Ying-Jun Xu . Ping Li . Yun Liu . Ping Zhu
Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 July 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Blending has been applied to combine the advantages of individual fibers, but the flame retardancy of a blended fiber depends on the interaction of the components. In this work, polyamide (PA) fibers were blended with alginate fibers to obtain a blended non-woven fabric and the flame retardancy of the natural/synthetic blended fabric was highlighted. Inspiringly, the two fibers mixed uniformly by the easy-to-handle blending, and the blend’s components did not affect each other’s thermal decomposition. With the addition of 50 wt% alginate fibers, the blended fabrics achieved self-extinguishing without any melt dripping in the vertical flame test, because the melted PA was limited in the area of the charred alginate fibers in the shape of films and bladders; besides, they showed strong decreases in peak heat release rate (56%), total heat release (59%), and total smoke release (66%) compared with PA fibers in the cone calorimeter test. Alginate fibers exhibited both vapor- and condensed-phase flame-retardant activities in the blended system, which was further confirmed by F.-Q. Zhang B. Wang Y.-J. Xu (&) P. Li Y. Liu (&) P. Zhu Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center forAdvanced FireSafety Materials D & A (Shandong), College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China e-mail: [email protected] Y. Liu e-mail: [email protected]
thermogravimetric analysis and thermogravimetry/ infrared spectrometry. Keywords Alginate Polyamide Blended fiber Flame retardancy
Introduction Polyamide (PA) fiber, as the first completely synthetic fiber prepared by Carothers and co-workers, has now been widely applied in both military and civilian fields, such as yarns, garments, and carpets (Li et al. 2009; Stockmann et al. 2020). However, PA is highly flammable, accompanied by serious melt dripping (Fan et al. 2020; Horrocks et al. 2016), and thus flame retardants are needed to reduce the flammability of the plastics, resins, fibers, and coatings (Fan et al. 2020; Liu et al. 2020a; Zhao et al. 2020b). However, in the fields involving close contact between people, where health concerns are often regarded as the top priority, growing worries have been stirred by some flame retardants (Boer and Stapleton 2019; Tokumura et al. 2019). As a result, nontoxic bio-based flame retardants are welcomed in both academic and industrial fields to achieve fire safety without chemical hazards (Costes et al. 2017; Li et al. 2019a). Various bio-based materials, such as chitosan (Wang et al. 2020d), caseins (Carosio et al. 2014), dopamine (Li et al. 2018), DNA (Alongi et al. 2013), phytates (Zhu et al.
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Cellulose
2020), tannins (Xia et al.
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