Cooperative co-evolutionary comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer for formulation design of explosive simulant
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Cooperative co-evolutionary comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer for formulation design of explosive simulant Jing Liang1 · Guanlin Chen1 · Boyang Qu2 · Kunjie Yu1
· Caitong Yue1 · Kangjia Qiao1 · Hua Qian3
Received: 13 January 2020 / Accepted: 29 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Generally, the actual explosive is not suitable for the training of security personnel due to its danger. Hence, it is significant to create the simulant as similar as possible to the real explosive, where the difficulties are derived from finding safe compounds from the compound database and their related proportion. In this paper, a cooperative co-evolutionary comprehensive learning particle swarm optimizer is proposed to obtain the formulation design of explosive simulant. To be specific, the proposed algorithm employs particle swarm optimization as the optimizer and creates two cooperative populations focusing on finding compounds and their proportions, respectively. Moreover, a comprehensive cooperative strategy is designed to improve the solution diversity and thus enhance the search performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to employ evolutionary algorithm to design explosive simulant formulation. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on several typical explosives and results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm in comparison to other algorithms. Keywords Explosive simulant · Formulation design · Particle swarm optimizer · Cooperative co-evolutionary
1 Introduction In recent years, the places with dense crowds, such as airports, stations, and wharves, have become the main target of terrorist attacks. The explosives are extremely destructive and bring great panic to the people. In terrorist incidents, many new explosives have emerged, and the typical representatives are peroxide explosives, such as triacetone triperoxide (TATP), diacetone diperoxide (DADP), and hexamethylene trioxide diamine (HMTD). These explosives are easily available since their widespread raw materials and simple production methods. Therefore, one efficient detection
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Kunjie Yu [email protected] Hua Qian [email protected]
1
School of Electrical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450007, China
3
School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
method plays an important role in detecting these explosive compounds. To ensure the safety of passengers’ personal and property, security check instrument is very vital [1]. Security check device is an electronic device that can send checked luggage into X-ray check channel by means of conveyor belt [2]. Xray can penetrate opaque objects such as wood, cardboard and leather, and the security device can display different colors of images on the screen according to the degree of X-ray absorption of the obj
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