Cooperative Localization in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks
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Editorial Cooperative Localization in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks Davide Dardari,1 Chia-Chin Chong,2 Damien B. Jourdan,3 and Lorenzo Mucchi4 1 Wireless
Communication Laboratory, Department of Electronics, Computer Sciences and Systems, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy 2 DoCoMo Communications Laboratories USA, Inc., Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA 3 Rockwell Collins, Warrenton, VA 20187, USA 4 Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy Correspondence should be addressed to Davide Dardari, [email protected] Received 19 June 2008; Accepted 19 June 2008 Copyright © 2008 Davide Dardari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The need for highly accurate position information is of great importance in many commercial, public safety, and military applications. With the integration of GPS into cell phones, in conjunction with WiFi localization, we are entering a new era of ubiquitous location-awareness. In the coming years, we will see the emergence of high-definition location-awareness applications: localization systems that operate in the harsh communication environments where GPS does not operate, such as inside buildings and in caves, still providing submeter localization accuracy which is not currently feasible with GPS. Reliable localization in such conditions is a key enabler for a wide variety of applications including logistics, security tracking (the localization of authorized persons in highsecurity areas), medical applications (the monitoring of patients), search and rescue (communications with fire fighters or natural disaster victims), control of home appliances, automotive safety, and military systems, as well as in the large set of emerging wireless sensor network (WSN) applications. Other nonconventional applications of location information include networking protocols that take advantage of position information to improve the performance of routing algorithms (georouting), as well as enabling interference avoidance techniques in future cognitive radios. One of the major requirements for most applications based on wireless ad hoc and sensor networks is accurate node localization even in the absence of infrastructure (anchor nodes). In fact, sensed data without position information is often less useful. Due to several factors (e.g., cost, size, power) only a small fraction of nodes obtain the
position information of the anchor nodes. In this case, a node has to estimate its position without a direct interaction with anchor nodes; and a cooperation between nodes is needed in a multihop fashion. In some applications none of the nodes is aware of its absolute position (anchor-free) and only relative coordinates are estimated instead. Whether the localization techniques are based on signal strength or on signal time-of-flight, measurement errors are unavoidable, espe
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