Coordination assessment of environment and urbanization: Hunan case
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Coordination assessment of environment and urbanization: Hunan case Yuqing Geng & Han Zhang
Received: 3 January 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The process of urbanization promotes the development of economy and society, and also brings great pressure to the environment. In order to better understand the harmonious and interactive relationship between environment and urbanization, by selecting 13 cities in Hunan province of China as cases, this paper establishes a correlation model and a comprehensive evaluation system, uses entropy weight method to weight the index, the coupling coordination model to analyze the coupling coordination relationships empirically, and gray prediction model to predict the trend and make corresponding decision recommendations. The results show with novelty that the overall performances of environment and urbanization for the 13 cities in Hunan province have similarities, the coupling coordination degrees are mild with slight fluctuations, and the next years will keep the similar trends. However, the coupling coordination development is unbalanced with the coupling degree of the east higher than that of the west; therefore, corresponding measures for better environmental governance and urban planning need to be taken in different cities.
Y. Geng : H. Zhang (*) School of Business, Shanghai Dianji University, Shanghai, China e-mail: [email protected]
Y. Geng e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Evaluation system . Information entropy weight . Coupling coordination model . Gray GM (1,1) . Prediction . China
Introduction Environment is key to human development, and is also an important factor to promote the urbanization system to a higher level (Wang and Peng 2020). However, urbanization, which includes land expansion and urban population explosion, sacrifices a lot of environmental resources, occupies land resources, causes water shortage, damages water recycling system, discharges industrial household waste, and deteriorates atmospheric environment (Geng and Tan 2020; Zhang et al. 2019; Xia et al. 2019). Such suffocating pollution and environmental problems caused by the urbanization process in turn are damaging the sustainability process of urbanization. In specific, more than half of the population now is in cities in the globe, and such proportion is growing rapidly (Wang et al. 2019a), which is particularly prominent in developing countries. For example, according to the China Statistical Yearbook, since the 1978 reform and opening up, China’s urbanization level has risen rapidly from 19.39% in 1980 to 60.60% in 2019 (Xing et al. 2019), and it is estimated that China will add another over 250 million urban citizens by 2050 (Wang et al. 2019a). Such accelerated urbanization process needs to consume a large amount of environmental resources, including water, land, and atmospheric resources, which leads to the shortage of environmental
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resources and damage to the environmental system (Ameen et al. 2015). These p
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