Copper Induces Apoptosis Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Skeletal Muscle of Broilers
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Copper Induces Apoptosis Through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Skeletal Muscle of Broilers Jianying Guo 1 & Yuman Bai 1 & Jianzhao Liao 1 & Shuzhou Wang 1 & Qingyue Han 1 & Zhaoxin Tang 1 Received: 5 December 2019 / Accepted: 10 February 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate whether copper (Cu) exposure could induce apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in skeletal muscle of broilers. A total of 240 one-day-old chickens were randomly divided into four groups by free access; the diets are as follows: control diet (Cu 11 mg/kg, control group) and high level of Cu diets (Cu 110 mg/kg, group I; Cu 220 mg/kg, group II; Cu 330 mg/kg, group III). The skeletal muscle tissues were collected on day 49 for further examination. The content of Cu, histopathology, and the expression levels of the genes and proteins related to ERS and apoptosis were detected. Results showed that the Cu levels in skeletal muscle were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the spaces between the muscle fibers were wider with the increase of Cu content, and the myolysis was observed in group III. Besides, the mRNA expression levels of GRP78, GRP94, eIF2α, ATF6, XBP1, CHOP, Caspase-12, and Caspase3 were markedly increased in treated groups compared with control group, and the protein expression levels of GRP78, Caspase3, Active-Caspase3 and JNK were significantly elevated with the increase of dietary Cu. In summary, these findings suggested that Cu could induce apoptosis through ERS in skeletal muscle of broilers. Keywords Copper . Endoplasmic reticulum stress . Apoptosis . Skeletal muscle . Broilers
Introduction Copper (Cu), an essential trace element, is involved in many physiological processes and biological reactions, including mitochondrial respiration, antioxidant activity, and neuropeptide
Jianying Guo and Yuman Bai contributed equally to this work. * Zhaoxin Tang [email protected] Jianying Guo [email protected] Yuman Bai [email protected] Jianzhao Liao [email protected] Shuzhou Wang [email protected] Qingyue Han [email protected] 1
College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
synthesis [1]. Previous studies have shown that Cu is a crucial cofactor for specific enzymes and electron transport proteins, which participates in energy metabolism in various animals and human beings [2, 3]. Although Cu plays a key role in biological processes, it has a certain toxic with excessive ingestion [4]. As the agricultural and industrial are developing fast, the increase of Cu has led to heavy metal pollution of soil and water. Furthermore, the pollution of Cu can be bio-accumulated through the food chains, which resulted potentially harm to ecosystems and the health of people and animals [5–7]. Indeed, some scholars proposed that an appropriate amount of Cu in the diets can increase the rate of growth and feed utilization [8]. However, the widesprea
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