Copper-Sulfate Pentahydrate as a Product of the Waste Sulfuric Acid Solution Treatment
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ALL the industries are stringent to take care of the process of manufacturing and of the all pollutants generated in the solid, liquid, or gaseous form according to the environment rules. The industrialization has led to a many-fold decline in the quality of environment in a last few decades. The copper industry generates a huge amount of solid, liquid, and gaseous waste during the copper ore processing procedures to obtain the copper metal, purity of 99.99 mass pct, as final product. Conventional sulfate bath is used for the refined anode copper that has an average purity of 99.7 mass pct by electrolysis where the elements such as Ni, Fe, Zn, Mn, Pb, Sn, and Co, which have more negative potential than copper, move into solution during electrochemical anode dissolution.[1,2] During the process when the impurity level reaches the upper limit of tolerance for the cathode copper purity, the part of electrolyte is discharged from the electrolytic cells. This discarded solution, known as copper bleed solution (CBS), is transported to the copper electrolyte regeneration RADMILA MARKOVIC´ and LJILJANA AVRAMOVIC´ are with the Mining and Metallurgy Institute, 19210 Bor, Serbia. JASMINA STEVANOVIC´, JASNA STAJIC´-TROSˇIC´, and DRAGUTIN NEDELJKOVIC´ are with the Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Contact e-mail: [email protected] BRANIMIR JUGOVIC´ is with the Institute of Technical Sciences of the Serbian Academy of Science and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. MILICA GVOZDENOVIC´ is with the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia. Manuscript submitted February 23, 2012. Article published online September 26, 2012. 1388—VOLUME 43B, DECEMBER 2012
plan for conventional production of pure copper sulfate crystals. The liquid waste product generated during the copper sulfate crystals production is sulfuric acid solution known as mother liquor, which contains mostly nickel and sulfuric acid could be treated with the insoluble anodes.[3–7] The aim of the use of this solution is getting copper-sulfate pentahydrate as final product. The results of electrochemical testing under laboratory conditions were the basis for the electrochemical investigations of copper removal from mother liquor on the industrial scale equipment using the plates prepared of lead alloyed with antimony, which was used as the anodes.[8] Alloying of lead with antimony was done to increase the lead hardness, to reduce the corrosion, to improve conductivity, and to reduce the anodic polarization as a preventive of PbO formatting.[9,10] Different acid leaching procedures are very efficient for copper removal from copper sludge where the efficiency is in the direction of nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfuric acid. Thus, the use of sulfuric acid reached the leaching level of Cu of 74 pct and the use of nitric acid of 96 pct.[11,12] Further treatment of obtained copper solution enabled the production of copper-sulfate pentahydrate.
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