Correlation between incidental fat deposition in the liver and pancreas in asymptomatic individuals
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HEPATOBILIARY
Correlation between incidental fat deposition in the liver and pancreas in asymptomatic individuals Mounes Aliyari Ghasabeh1 · Mohammadreza Shaghaghi1 · Pegah Khoshpouri1 · Li pan2 · Ankur Pandy1 · Pallavi Pandy1 · Xiaodong Zhong3 · Stephan Kannengiesser4 · Ihab R. Kamel1,5
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019
Abstract Purpose To explore the utility of two different fat quantification methods in the liver and pancreas and to test the accuracy of multi-echo Dixon as a single sequence in detecting early stage of fat deposition. Methods 58 healthy potential liver donors underwent abdominal 3T MRI, prospectively. Single-voxel MR Spectroscopy (MRS), dual-echo Dixon, and multi-echo Dixon were performed. Two independent readers obtained proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the liver and pancreas by placing ROIs on the 2 Dixon sequences. Correlation between the two PDFF measurements was assessed in the liver and pancreas. Values in the liver were also compared to those obtained by MRS. Results PDFF in the liver was 6.3 ± 4.2%, 5.5 ± 3.9%, and 5.1 ± 4.1% by MRS, dual-echo Dixon, and multi-echo Dixon, respectively. Dual-echo Dixon and multi-echo Dixon showed good correlation in PDFF quantification of the liver (r = 0.82, p 26 to 37% (moderate steatosis; Grade 2), and > 37% (severe steatosis; Grade 3) [14]. Measurements were compared between the 2 readers to test inter-reader agreement. Each reader repeated all the measurements 4 weeks after the initial measurements to test intra-reader agreement.
Fig. 1 Example of fat quantification in Liver (a) and Pancreas (b) on dual-Echo Dixon (a1, a2 and b1, b2) and multi-Echo Dixon (a3 and b3) sequences. Three separate ROIs were placed on different slides (one is shown here) for liver or pancreas in each patient. Fat on
Statistical analysis Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Normality of the data was tested by Shapiro–Walk test. Comparison of fat content between dualecho and multi-echo Dixon in the liver and pancreas were tested using paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test as appropriate. In the liver, using the PDFF measured with MRS as the reference standard, the Pearson’s correlation coefficients of FF and PDFF measured with dual-echo and multi-echo Dixon sequences were calculated, respectively. Correlation between the FF measured with dual-echo Dixon and the PDFF measured with multi-echo Dixon in both the liver and pancreas was performed. Subsequently, the correlation between FF and PDFF in the liver and pancreas was calculated. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for fat deposition in the liver and pancreas including age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). ROC analysis was utilized to calculate the accuracy of dual-echo and multi-echo Dixon to differentiate between the normal group and the mild steatosis group. Intra- and Inter observer agreement of fat measurement in the liver and pancreas was assessed by interclass correlation coefficient (ICC
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