Costs
There is a great deal of truth in the aphorism, ‘An engineer is a man who can do for one dollar what any fool can do for two’, and no designer should be ashamed that the reduction of cost is the chief test of his skill. However, the cost in question must
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M. J. French MA MSc FIMechE Professor of Engineering Design University of Lancaster
T!U. DESIGN
COUNCIl
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
I
...
Conceptual Design For Engineers Second Edition
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1985 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo in 1985 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1985 First edition published 1971 as Engineering Design: The Conceptllal Stage by Heinemann Educational Books Ud, London AII rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission ofThe Design Council. Typeset by Sunrise Setting, Torquay
British Library CIP Data French, Michael Conceptual design for engineers 1. Engineering design r. Title 620' .00425 TA 174
ISBN 978-3-662-11366-0 ISBN 978-3-662-11364-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-11364-6
Contents
Preface to Second Edition
Vll
Preface to First Edition
V111
Units and symbols
IX
Questions
IX
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10
2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14
Introduction Design: conceptual design: schemes The anatomy of design The scope and nature of design methods Insight Diversification of approach Reduction of step size Prompting of inventive steps Generation of design philosophies Increasing the level of abstraction Design and the computer
4 5 6 7 7 8 8 10
Combinative ideas Introduction Construction of tahles of options: functional analysis Functional analysis: axial flow compressor rotor Parametric mapping of viable options Liquid natural gas tanker: alternative configurations Further examples of combinative treatments Elimination procedures for tables of options Otherwaysofreduction Synthesis from tables of options: kernel tables Evolutionary techniques: hybrids An example: wave energy converters Evolutionary techniques: redistribution of functions Repechage Combinative ideas: general remarks Questions Notes 11\
13 14
15 17 23 25 28 30 32 33 34
40 43
44 45 45
3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13
4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10
5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10
Optimisation Introduction Making capital and running costs commensurate Optimum speed of a tanker The optimisation of the sag:span ratio of a suspension bridge Optimisation with more than one degree of freedom: heat exchanger Putting a price on heat-exchanger performance Variation of costs with application Further aspects of heat-exchanger optimisation An elementary programming problem Classification of optimisation problems and methods of solution The design of rotating discs: an optimum structure Hubdesign Summary Questions Answers
49 49 50 52 55 57 59 59 60 62 66 73 73 73 74
Insight Introduction Rough calculations Optimisation of compressor shaft diameter The optimum virtual shaft: a digression Useful measures and concepts Bounds and limits Scale effects Dim
