COVID-19 in HIV: a Review of Published Case Reports
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COVID-19
COVID-19 in HIV: a Review of Published Case Reports Zoya Morani 1 & Saumil Patel 2 & Sudeshna Ghosh 3 & Falah Abu Hassan 4 & Shriya Doreswamy 5 & Sandeep Singh 6 Venkata Neelima Kothapudi 7 & Rupak Desai 8
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Accepted: 13 October 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Patients with COVID-19 present with a myriad of comorbidities. An immunocompromised state like HIV in patients with COVID-19 can be life-threatening. We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science for case reports and case series about COVID-19 in HIV patients. We finally reviewed 20 case reports including cases of 43 patients with HIV and COVID-19. The mean age of 43 adult patients was 51.56 ± 27.56 years (range 24–76 years). Of these, 30 were male (69.77%), 11 were female (25.58%), and 2 were transgender (4.65%). A total of 25 patients (58.14%) were above 50 years of age. The most common cardiovascular comorbidities were hypertension and hyperlipidemia (48.8%), diabetes (20.93%), and morbid obesity (11.63%). Out of 43 HIV patients with COVID-19, 6 resulted in death (13.95%). All the patients who died were elderly above 50 years and required mechanical ventilation. HIV patients infected with COVID-19 had a high mortality rate. A high burden of pre-existing comorbidities and an advanced age in these patients make them prone to disease progression and worse outcomes. Keywords COVID-19 . HIV . SARS-CoV-2
Introduction Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020. Earlier it has caused diseases like Middle East respiratory syndrome
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Covid-19 * Sandeep Singh [email protected] 1
Washington University of Health and Science, San Pedro, Belize
2
Carefirst Primary and Wellness Center, Dallas, TX, USA
3
UT South Western Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
4
Princess of Wales Hospital, Bridgend, UK
5
Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Bangalore, India
6
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, AMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
7
Department of Medicine, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
8
Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, USA
(MERS) in Saudi Arabia in 2012 and severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS) in China in 2002. The single-stranded RNA genome virus has overwhelmed the healthcare system all across the world. People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), advanced age (> 60 years), hypertension (HTN), and diabetes mellitus (DM) are at an increased risk of mortality and morbidity. HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) pandemic coexisting with another pandemic like COVID19 is called syndemic. This group of HIV-positive individuals, who are unable to practice socialdistancing, have limited access to healthcare, and are prone to drug abuse, will be severely affected. The antiretroviral therapy (ART) has helped in prolonging the lifespan
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