Cracking Phenomena in Welds IV
This is the fourth volume in the well-established series of compendiums devoted to the subject of weld hot cracking. It contains the papers presented at the 4th International Hot Cracking Workshop held in Berlin in April 2014. In the context of this
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Cracking Phenomena in Welds IV
Cracking Phenomena in Welds IV
Thomas Boellinghaus John C. Lippold Carl E. Cross •
Editors
Cracking Phenomena in Welds IV
123
Editors Thomas Boellinghaus BAM Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung Berlin Germany
Carl E. Cross Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM USA
John C. Lippold The Ohio State University Columbus, OH USA
ISBN 978-3-319-28432-3 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-28434-7
ISBN 978-3-319-28434-7
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015960236 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover Illustration: Constitutional liquation associated with Ti-rich, MC carbides in a Waspaloy hot ductility sample heated to a peak temperature of 1300 °C (2370 °F) Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland
Preface
This conference, the fourth in a series of workshops starting in 2004, had its format expanded to include both cold and hot cracking in welds. This change is reflected in the revised workshop and book title, Cracking Phenomena in Welds. Whereas previous workshops concentrated only on elevated temperature cracking (e.g., solidification cracking, liquation cracking, and ductility dip cracking), the new format includes cracking processes that occur at low temperature (e.g., hydrogen cracking, stress corrosion cracking, and stress relief cracking). Past workshop proceedings include the following: Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds (2005, ISBN 3-540-22332-0), Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds II (2008, ISBN 978-3-540-78627-6), and Hot Cracking Phenomena in Welds III (2011, ISBN 978-3-642-16863-5). These popular reference books have served as invaluable guides for understanding how and why weld defects form at temperatures near or above the melting point. In total, the three previous books constitute 64 papers with contributions from over 10 countries.
