Creation of a Dependency Tree for Sentences in the Kazakh Language
In the semantico-syntactic analysis of great importance is understanding of its formal structure. For this, in the text it is necessary to distinguish units of lexical meaning and designate the types of relations between them. The dependency tree is an in
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Abstract. In the semantico-syntactic analysis of great importance is understanding of its formal structure. For this, in the text it is necessary to distinguish units of lexical meaning and designate the types of relations between them. The dependency tree is an indispensable tool for parsing sentences and determination of hierarchical relationships between the main components in it. In this work, an algorithm for constructing a dependency tree for sentences in the Kazakh language using the filter method is proposed. The dependency tree was created on the basis of the spinning tree from the oriented graph constructed according to the rules of syntactic relationship in the Kazakh language. Keywords: Dependency tree · Dependency grammar · Corpus linguistics · Syntactic structure · Phrase structure rule
1 Introduction When studying syntax which is an integral part of grammar, the main subject of research is the syntactical structure of the language. The syntactical structure is a set of system rules and laws of composing sentences. In its turn, a sentence is a single language unit organized according to grammatical rules in a particular language which is the main means of expressing thoughts, messages. Sentences are characterized by the following features: expressiveness, predicate relation, intonation consisting of separate words, word combinations [1–3]. In the research of the speech syntax in general linguistics, special attention is paid the sentence structure in the approach of a predicative construction which is a formal structure of a sentence. In this work, the authors consider the syntactical structure of a sentence for the description of which dependency trees were chosen as a basis. Let us consider this concept in more detail. To present a formal structure in language, with a loose word order and case marking, a syntax of dependency trees is used [4]. A dependency tree is the most graphic and © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 N. T. Nguyen et al. (Eds.): ICCCI 2020, LNAI 12496, pp. 709–718, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63007-2_55
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wide spread method of representing the syntactical structure of a sentence. Formalism of dependency trees presupposes construction of a graph of syntactic relationships between the words of a sentence. However, this graph, unlike the graph of a model tree of direct components, is not hierarchical [5]. The graph which serves as a basis for formalism of dependency trees must meet the following requirements: the graph has directed relationships between the sentence words - from the principal word to the dependent one; each word has only one parent; The graph does not contain cycles, syntax relations may be named termed but it is optional. In this case, a sentence is presented as a linearly ordered set of elements (derivations forms) in which one can create an oriented tree with nodes from the elements of this set. Each rib connecting a pair of nodes indicates a subordinate relation between the main (subordinating) and dependent (subordinate
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