Creation of system of final isolation (disposal) of radioactive waste in the Russian Federation
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.56
Creation of system of final isolation (disposal) of radioactive waste in the Russian Federation Vsevolod Igin, Victor Krasilnikov FSUE «National operator for radioactive waste management»
The FEDERAL STATE UNITARY ENTERPRISE «NATIONAL OPERATOR FOR RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT» - Russian National Operator (Rosatom subsidiary).
Abstract:
The paper provides generic overview of legal and regulatory framework of radioactive waste management activities held in Russian Federation and national operator responsibilities and accomplishments. It gives a short description of waste classification scheme used and plans for radioactive waste disposal. In particular the paper provides information on the plans of the FEDERAL STATE UNITARY ENTERPRISE "National operator for radioactive waste management" to construct and operate several near-surface disposal facilities for low and intermediate level waste with total capacity up to 550 000 cubic meter. The paper also provides detailed information on the steps of high-level waste disposal program including site-selection, construction phase of the underground research laboratory (URL) near the city of Zheleznogorsk, Krasnoyarsk Region and research program after the construction of the URL. The paper also describes Russian system and state policy in the field of RW management and gives recommendations for future implementers.
LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF RADWASTE DISPOSAL IN RUSSIA First issues on radioactive waste disposal have been raised in Soviet Union at the beginning of 1960s [8]. Since then step-by-step studies aiming reasonable choice of site for the deep geological repository have been carried out for more than 50 years in full accordance with international recommendations.
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The modern history of radioactive waste disposal in the Russian Federation starts with the adoption of the Federal Law No. 139-FL on November 4, 2005 “On ratification of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management” (the Convention). After the adoption of the named law the provisions of the Convention became mandatory for all executive authorities and organizations, including those directly related to radioactive waste management. The Convention serves as the basis for further improvement of the Russian regulatory system of radioactive waste management and disposal in accordance with international obligations of the Russian Federation. Together with the Convention, two federal laws: FL-170 "On the Use of Atomic Energy" and FL-190 “On the management of radioactive waste and the introduction of amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation” create three pillars of the Russian regulatory system on the manage
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