Creep of calcareous sand in Tunisia: effect of particle breakage at low stress level
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Creep of calcareous sand in Tunisia: effect of particle breakage at low stress level Hyunwook Choo1, Minhyuk Kwon1, Lamia Touiti2 and Young‑Hoon Jung1,2*
*Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Civil Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, South Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Abstract Aims/hypothesis: One of the critical mechanisms determining creep in granular materials is the breakage of soil particles. This study aims at evaluating the timedependent creep deformation of calcareous sand at low effective stress conditions. Methods: K0 creep tests were performed for both calcareous and silica sands at low stresses of 65 and 120 kPa, and the results of creep tests were compared with the results of constant rate of strain (CRS) tests at high stress levels up to 12 MPa. For a quantitative evaluation of the effect of the particle breakage on the creep deformation of calcareous sand, the relative breakage ( Br ) was determined based on the results of sieve analyses. Results: The results demonstrate that Tunisia calcareous sand experiences significant particle breakage during creep and the consequent creep deformation at low stress level. The determined Br after creep at low stress level is comparable with that after the CRS test at high stress level. Conclusions: High potential of particle breakage inherited by characteristic minerol‑ ogy of the calcareous Tunisia sand significantly influences the creep deformation at low stress level. Keywords: Creep, Particle breakage, Calcareous sand, Relative breakage
Introduction Creep phenomenon, which is the continuous deformation of soils under constant effective stress condition, greatly affects the engineering behaviors of soils, including the long-term ground settlement; therefore, the creep in fine-grained soils has been the research topic of many previous studies [1]. In contrast, studies on the creep in coarsegrained soils have been relatively limited [2–4]. One possible mechanism determining creep in coarse-grained soils (e.g., sand) is the breakage of soil particles under heavily loaded conditions (> 1 MPa) [3, 5, 6]. However, in the case of calcareous sand, the particle breakage can initiate at relatively low effective stress condition because of its characteristic mineralogy. This study aims at investigating time-dependent creep deformation of calcareous sand at low effective stress conditions. To link the creep behavior of calcareous sand with the particle breakage, one-dimensional K0 compression test was performed first, and the sieve analysis was followed. © The Author(s) 2020. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party materi
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