CRF-5-HT interactions in the dorsal raphe nucleus and motivation for stress-induced opioid reinstatement
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ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
CRF-5-HT interactions in the dorsal raphe nucleus and motivation for stress-induced opioid reinstatement Chen Li 1 & Nicholas McCloskey 1 & Jared Phillips 1 & Steven J. Simmons 2 & Lynn G. Kirby 1 Received: 28 May 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Rationale The serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) system plays an important role in stress-related psychiatric disorders and substance abuse. Our previous data show that stressors can inhibit 5-HT neuronal activity and release by stimulating the release of the stress neurohormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) within the serotonergic dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The inhibitory effects of CRF on 5-HT DRN neurons are indirect, mediated by CRF-R1 receptors located on GABAergic afferents. Objectives We tested the hypothesis that DRN CRF-R1 receptors contribute to stress-induced reinstatement of morphineconditioned place preference (CPP). We also examined the role of this circuitry in stress-induced negative affective state with 22-kHz distress ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which are naturally emitted by rats in response to environmental challenges such as pain, stress, and drug withdrawal. Methods First, we tested if activation of CRF-R1 receptors in the DRN with the CRF-R1-preferring agonist ovine CRF (oCRF) would reinstate morphine CPP and then if blockade of CRF-R1 receptors in the DRN with the CRF-R1 antagonist NBI 35965 would attenuate swim stress–induced reinstatement of morphine CPP. Second, we tested if intra-DRN pretreatment with NBI 35965 would attenuate foot shock stress–induced 22-kHz USVs. Results Intra-DRN injection of oCRF reinstated morphine CPP, while intra-DRN injection of NBI 35965 attenuated swim stress–induced reinstatement. Moreover, intra-DRN pretreatment with NBI 35965 significantly reduced 22-kHz distress calls induced by foot shock. Conclusions These data provide evidence that stress-induced negative affective state is mediated by DRN CRF-R1 receptors and may contribute to reinstatement of morphine CPP. Keywords Addiction . Stressor . Relapse . Morphine . Conditioned place preference . Stress-induced reinstatement . Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) . Dorsal raphe . Ultrasonic vocalizations . Foot shock
Introduction
Chen Li and Nicholas McCloskey contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05652-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Lynn G. Kirby [email protected] 1
Center for Substance Abuse Research and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, 3500 N. Broad St., Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
2
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
Drug addiction is characterized by repeated relapse to drug use even after a prolonged period of abstinence. Stress is one of the major factors to
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