Critical Care Study Guide Text and Review

The second edition of this best-selling study guide and text covers all aspects of critical care medicine. Written by a diverse group of physicians and health care personnel, it is of interest to all professionals who care for the ICU patient. The unique

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Critical Care Study Guide Text and Review Second Edition

Editor-in-Chief

Gerard J. Criner  Co-Editors

Rodger E. Barnette Gilbert E. D’Alonzo

Editor-in-Chief Gerard J. Criner, MD Professor of Medicine Florence P. Bernheimer Distinguished Service Chair Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Temple Lung Center Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA

Co-Editors Rodger E. Barnette, MD, FCCM Professor of Anesthesiology and Medicine Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA Gilbert E. D’Alonzo, DO Professor of Medicine Associate Director, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Temple University School of Medicine Philadelphia, PA, USA

Figures 4.12, 8.2, 8.3, 8.6, 15.9, 23.3, 40.1, 40.2, 44.11, 49.5, 52.3, 58.4, 59.2, 60.1, and 60.2 were drawn by Alice Y. Chen (www.aliceychen.com).

ISBN: 978-0-387-77327-8     e-ISBN: 978-0-387-77452-7 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-77452-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010923168 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)



Preface Critical care medicine is a dynamic and exciting arena where complex pathophysiologic states require extensive knowledge and up-to-date clinical information. An extensive knowledge of basic pathophysiology, as well as awareness of the appropriate diagnostic tests and treatments that are used to optimize care in the critically ill is essential. Since our first edition 7 years ago, new information crucial to the care and understanding of the critically ill patient has rapidly accumulated. Because this knowledge base crosses many different disciplines, a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach presenting the information is essential, similar to the multidisciplinary approach that is used to care for the critically ill patient. We have strived to provide this content in