Cryptanalysis and enhancement of an image encryption scheme based on a 1-D coupled Sine map
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Cryptanalysis and enhancement of an image encryption scheme based on a 1-D coupled Sine map Yu Liu · Zheng Qin · Xiaofeng Liao · Jiahui Wu
Received: 24 December 2019 / Accepted: 20 April 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Recently, Behzad et al. designed a 1-D chaotic coupled Sine map (CCSM) and a dynamic scrambling process based on the size of blocks and then constructed an image encryption algorithm (CSMIE) based on CCSM and the scrambling method. However, we find that the algorithm cannot be used for secure communication because it cannot resist chosenplaintext attacks. In this paper, we first analyze the real structure of CCSM generated in a digital computer with limited precision and then propose a chosen-plaintext attack to break CSMIE according to the number of blocks. Moreover, we enhance CSMIE by designing a synchronous scrambling and diffusion mechanism which utilizes a three-dimensional hyper-chaotic system and employs the hash values of the plain-image. A series of simulation experiments are conducted to evaluate our enhanced encryption scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that the enhanced encryption scheme performs well in various test indicators and can resist the chosen-plaintext attack. Y. Liu · Z. Qin (B) College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China e-mail: [email protected] X. Liao College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China J. Wu College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Keywords Image encryption · Chosen-plaintext attack · Security analysis · State mapping network · Chaotic cryptanalysis
1 Introduction With the rapid development of computer network technology and smart mobile devices, information sharing though network becomes more convenient for people. As an information expression method, digital images are currently very popular. However, there are huge security risks to transmit images in the open network environment, e.g., illegal information theft, data tampering and data deletion [13,18,22,23]. Therefore, the security of digital images is receiving more and more attention. Image encryption technology is one of the effective strategies to protect image information during transmission [14,15]. It converts the original image into random-like information, making it impossible for eavesdroppers to identify these noise-like information without correct secret keys. The mainstream cryptographic theories, such as DES, AES and IDEA, are mostly designed based on the protection of text data [3,37]. However, image has its own inherent characteristics such as large data amount, scattered information, high redundancy and strong correlation between adjacent pixels [12,39]. Moreover, the transmitted images are usually required to withstand common operations such as lossy compression and format transformation. Besides, image encryption speed is supposed to meet
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the demands of real-time encryption. Therefore, the cla
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