Cryptanalysis and improvement of a three-factor user authentication scheme for smart grid environment
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Cryptanalysis and improvement of a three-factor user authentication scheme for smart grid environment Harmanpreet Singh Grover1 · Adarsh1 · Devender Kumar2 Received: 6 January 2020 / Accepted: 15 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Nowadays, smart grid technology has become popular because it provides intelligent and distributed electrical power transmission systems. One of its main applications is to charge the electric vehicles. To provide a secure communication between a user and a smart meter and during the peak hours, authentication is necessary between them. Recently, Wazid et al. have discussed a three factor authentication (3FA) scheme for smart grid environment using ECC and showed that it is more secure than the related protocols. Here, we first cryptanalyze their scheme and find the user impersonation and stolen mobile terminal attacks in it. To remove these limitations, we design an improved authentication protocol for smart grid environment. We formally verify the security of our scheme using ProVerif tool. Also we present its informal security analysis to prove that it is invulnerable to many known attacks. In comparative study, we show that our scheme provides more security features than the existing schemes. Keywords User authentication · Smart grid · User impersonation attack · Session key agreement · ProVerif
1 Introduction Internet of Things (IoT) is the web of physical equipments, vehicles, home appliances and other objects linked with the electronics, software, sensors and actuators which allows these entities to connect and transfer the data. Each entity is distinctively identifiable through its embedded computing environment but is able to work within the available internet infrastructure [2]. One of its main applications is in smart grid (SG) environment. In the era of reliability, proficiency and availability, SG improves the environmental and economic health. There are many benefits of the SG such as it restores electricity, it transfers the powers more efficiently, it offers rapid restoration of electricity after power discrepancies, increases security and strengthens integration
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Devender Kumar [email protected] Harmanpreet Singh Grover [email protected] Adarsh [email protected]
1
Division of Computer Engineering, NSIT, New Delhi, India
2
Department of Information Technology, NSUT, New Delhi, India
of extensive renewable integration system [1]. One of the important applications of SG is to charge electrical vehicle. Vehicle to grid (V2G) technology allows bidirectional energy flow between electrical vehicle and power grid [9]. Gazdar et al. [10] propose a trust model which utilized Markov chain to formalize the trust metric variation and its solidity in the situation of vehicular ad hoc Networks (VANETs). This model can also be modified through various parameters like the trust interval and number of transitions required to attain the highest trust level. A distributed trust model (DT M 2 ) is presented in the paper [11],
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