CT, MRI and PET/CT features of abdominal manifestations of cutaneous melanoma: a review of current concepts in the era o
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REVIEW
CT, MRI and PET/CT features of abdominal manifestations of cutaneous melanoma: a review of current concepts in the era of tumor‐specific therapies Maxime Barat1,2 · Sarah Guegan‑Bart2,3 · Anne‑Ségolène Cottereau2,4 · Enora Guillo1 · Christine Hoeffel5 · Maximilien Barret2,6 · Sébastien Gaujoux2,7 · Anthony Dohan1,2 · Philippe Soyer1,2 Received: 11 August 2020 / Revised: 15 October 2020 / Accepted: 20 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Abdominal manifestations in patients with cutaneous melanoma include involvement due to metastatic spread and immune checkpoint inhibitor induced adverse events. The purpose of this review is to provide a critical overview of abdominal manifestations in patients with cutaneous melanoma and highlight the current imaging challenges in the era of tumor‐specific therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a treatment with demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of advanced cutaneous melanoma but are associated with several abdominal adverse events that must be recognized. CT has a role in the identification of colitis, enteritis and pancreatitis, whereas MRI has an important role in the diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis. Current evidence demonstrates that MRI should be the preferred imaging technique for the detection and characterization of hepatic and splenic metastases from cutaneous melanoma. The role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT should be further evaluated but current literature suggests an efficacy in the detection of pancreatic metastases not seen on CT and MRI. Keywords Melanoma, cutaneous malignant · Magnetic resonance imaging · Positron emission tomography-computed tomography · Computed, X-ray · Immune-induced adverse events Abbreviations 18 FDG 18 fluorodeoxyglucose AIP Autoimmune pancreatitis AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer * Philippe Soyer [email protected] 1
Department of Abdominal & Interventional Radiology, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint‑Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
2
Université de Paris, Descartes‑Paris 5, rue de l’Ecole de Médecine, F‑75006 Paris, France
3
Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint‑Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
4
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint‑Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
5
Department of Radiology, Hôpital Robert Debré, 11 Boulevard Pasteur, 51092 Reims, France
6
Department of Gastroenterology, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint‑Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
7
Department of Abdominal Surgery, Hôpital Cochin, AP-HP, 27 Rue du Faubourg Saint‑Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
CT Computed tomography CTLA-4 Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 IRAE Immune-related adverse event irRC Immune-related response criteria MAPK Mitogen‐activated protein kinase MRI Magnetic resonance imaging PD-1 Programmed-death-1 PET Positron emission tomography RECIST Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors VCE Videocapsule endoscopy
Introduction Malignant
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