Cultural Economics
Cultural economics as a field of research involves two areas, culture and economy. These two areas have been traditionally regarded as each other's antithesis. However, the economic aspects of culture have increasingly become a matter of everyday reality
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Cultural Economics With Contributions by F. Abbe-Decarroux, N. O. Alper, H. Baumol, W. Baumol,S. Cameron G. Carbonaro, V. Dickenson, C. T. Duffy, P. Eijgelshoven D. Elshout, C. M. Gray, F. Grin, C. Hjorth-Andersen, M. Hutter T. Ito, S. Karttunen, M. Kesten, A. Khakee, Y. Kurabyashi, C. Lingle R. Mitchell, G. Mosetto, D. Netzer, J. W. O'Hagan, A. Peacock S. Pflieger, B. Rouget, A. Rubinstein, D. Sagot-Duvaroux M. Salamon, B. Seaman, D. Throsby, R. Towse, G,H. Wassall R. Welford
With 15 Figures
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Ruth Towse Department of Economics University of Exeter Amory Building Rennes Drive Exeter EX4 4RJ, Great Britain Prof. Dr. Abdul Khakee Center for Regional Science (CERUM) University ofUmea S-901 87 Umea, Sweden
The photograph on the cover represents the Ammarniis model of early settlement in the Swedish Lappland. By courtesy ofViisterbottens Museum, Umea. Photograph by Jostein Skeidsvoll.
ISBN-13:978-3-642-77330-3 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-77328-0 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-77328-0 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part ofthe material is concerned, specifically the rights oftranslation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereofis only permitted under the provisions ofthe German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its version ofJune 24, 1985, and a copyright fee must always be paid. Violations fall under the prosecution act of the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. 2142/7130-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
Foreword Cultural economics as a field of research involves - as the title implies - two areas, culture and economy. These two areas have been traditionally regarded as each other's antithesis. However, the economic aspects of culture have increasingly become a matter of everyday reality for persons working in the cultural field. They have plans, ideas and ambitions for which they need resources. Demand for resources is one good indicator of the dynamics of cultural life. The economy of culture has always been in the focus of political interest. Political decisions concerning such priority areas as the development of regional institutions, support to the artists and cultural programmes for children and youth have of course important economic implications. Even in times of increasing public support to the arts, the best possible distribution of public subsidies has become an important issue and, thereby, the need arises to evaluate national cultural policies as well as individual cultural projects. Evaluation lets us know what has
