Cultural employment growth in Brazilian municipalities
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Cultural employment growth in Brazilian municipalities Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro1,4 · Thiago Henrique Carneiro Rios Lopes2 · Amir Borges Ferreira Neto3 · Fernanda Rodrigues dos Santos1 Received: 28 May 2019 / Accepted: 8 January 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The creative and cultural industries have been growing faster than traditional indus‑ tries over the last few decades. In Brazil, reports by the Brazilian Institute of Geog‑ raphy and Statistics show more a growth of gross output and value added greater than a 30% between 2003–2005 and 2007–2010. This paper aims to evaluate how three mechanisms, specialization, urbanization, and production structure externali‑ ties, impact the formal cultural employment growth rate in Brazilian municipalities between 2006 and 2016. We employ spatial econometric models to capture both the direct and indirect effects from these externalities. The main results show that spe‑ cialization has mixed effects in explaining the growth of formal cultural employ‑ ment in Brazil. Urbanization and diversification of production structure, in turn, are positive associated with formal cultural employment in Brazil. However, differently than the empirical literature for Europe and North America, we find no evidence of spatial spillover effects in the Brazilian case. Keywords Cultural activities · Brazilian municipalities · Spatial econometrics · Specialization externalities JEL Classification C31 · R15 · Z10
* Luiz Carlos de Santana Ribeiro [email protected] 1
Department of Economics, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil
2
Department of Economics, University of Salvador, Salvador, Brazil
3
Department of Economics and Finance, Lutgert College of Business, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, USA
4
Rua Dr Lúcio Prado, 20. Edgard Menezes Residence, apt. 202. Farolância, Aracaju, SE 49032‑250, Brazil
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Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Cultural Economics
1 Introduction The creative and cultural industries have been growing faster than traditional indus‑ tries over the last few decades (Florida 2014). In Brazil, reports by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) show a growth of gross output and value added between 2003–2005 and 2007–2010 periods of over 30%, while the formal1 workforce increased by over 10%. However, most of the literature on these industries, especially in Brazil, are still scarce. The expansion of data availability in conjunction with software development contributed to the increase in empirical studies in cultural economics across the globe. The location of cultural workers is influenced by different factors. Markusen (2006) points out the importance of dedicated space for the arts as well as exist‑ ing firms that use artistic labor force. Denis-Jacob (2012), on the other hand, argues that residential and lifestyle preferences drive the residential location for cultural workers. This paper focuses on determining the factors associated with the cultural ind
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