Curing Cycle Optimization for Thick Composite Laminates Using the Multi-Physics Coupling Model
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Curing Cycle Optimization for Thick Composite Laminates Using the Multi‑Physics Coupling Model Zhenyi Yuan1 · Xinxing Tong1 · Guigeng Yang1 · Zhenchao Yang1 · Danlong Song1 · Shujuan Li1 · Yan Li1 Received: 26 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract A multi-objective optimization method which takes the multi-physics coupling characteristic into account is proposed to determine the cure cycle profile for polymer-matrix composites. First, a numerical model which considers the effects of heat transfer, cure kinetics, resin flow-compaction process has been developed to predict the temperature and degree of curing. The simulation results agree well with the experimental measurements from the previous publication to validate the practicability of the FE model. A surrogate model based on the Surface Response Method is built to make the solution feasible according to the entire calculation time. The surrogate model was integrated into the optimization framework to optimize cure cycle profile using NSGA-II algorithm. The results show that the duration of the cure time and the maximum gradient of temperature are about 44.8% and 34% shorter than in the typical cure profile, respectively. It is also shown that the multi-physics coupling characteristic should be considered in the optimization process for thick composite component. Keywords Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) · Cure behaviour · Numerical analysis · Cure
1 Introduction During the past decades, the use of polymer-matrix composite materials (PMCs) in advanced engineering applications such as aerospace, automobile, and sport technologies has expanded widely due to the their good mechanical properties and weight savings than those of other conventional materials. There are lots of methods to produce composite components, such as autoclave process [1], resin transfer molding process [2], hot diaphragm forming [3] and vacuum film infusion [4]. Up till the present moment, autoclave curing process has been widely used in the manufacturing of high-performance PMCs components. In the autoclave cure process of composite, the component is subjected to * Zhenyi Yuan [email protected] 1
School of Mechanical and Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi′an 710048, Shaanxi, China
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Applied Composite Materials
a temperature–pressure-time profile known as cure cycle. In the beginning, the viscosity of resin becomes sufficiently low with the increase of curing temperature. Then the autoclave applied pressure squeezes the excess resin and air bubbles out of the laminate. With the temperature continually rising to elevated value, the PMCs sustains irreversible crosslinking reaction and cures into a rigid component. However, the exothermic reaction of resin during the cross-linking process and the low thermal conductivity of material usually result in severe temperature peak and uneven distribution of temperature for thick laminate, resulting in matrix cracks, residual stress and possibly degradat
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