Current Developments in Bioerosion
A little more than forty years has past since the concept of bioerosion was formally recognised as the biological erosion of hard materials. In that time, it has become apparent from the literature that bioerosional processes affect a wide range of biolog
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Max Wisshak · Leif Tapanila (Eds.)
Current Developments in Bioerosion
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Editors Dr. Max Wisshak Universit¨at Erlangen-N¨urnberg Inst. Pal¨aontologie Loewenichstr. 28 91054 Erlangen Germany [email protected]
Dr. Leif Tapanila Idaho State University Dept. Geosciences 921 S. 8th Ave. Stop 8072 Pocatello ID 83209-8072 USA [email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-540-77597-3
e-ISBN: 978-3-540-77598-0
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-77598-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008923093 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Layout, Composition and Typesetting: Max Wisshak, Erlangen Cover design: WMXDesign GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Foreword A. Conrad Neumann1 1
Marine Sciences Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3300, USA, ([email protected])
Bioerosion: one man’s beginning Just as organisms attack solid substrates, the subject of bioerosion itself cuts across many disciplines. There has been a long reign of biology and geology being practiced together as ‘Natural History’. Humboldt, Darwin, John Murray of Challenger Expedition fame, and Alexander Agassiz are only a few of the early workers that did geology and biology as if they were merely different pigments on the same palette. Anyone studying carbonates, the ‘rocks that lived’, cannot avoid dealing with the intermarriage of biology, geology, and chemistry. Such it is with bioerosion. In Bermuda in the mid-60’s when I began work on the biological erosion of limestone coasts, I had no idea I was pioneering. Like many young researchers working alone, I feared that somewhere all this might have been done before. Of course, my fears were well founded. There is nothing new under the sun – nor anything new under the sea for that matter. Every new idea has an old idea to thank. For example, as early as 1883, Nasonov presented beautiful illustrations of Cliona borings and the resultant ‘ice cream scoop’ chips. There is a host of organisms long recognized that erode solid substrates. In marine and fresh water, in carbonates and silicates, in hardrock and soft, biological forces are doing geologic work and writing a geologic history of erosion that goes ba
