Current knowledge and perspectives of potential impacts of Salmonella enterica on the profile of the gut microbiota
- PDF / 1,697,361 Bytes
- 15 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 26 Downloads / 170 Views
REVIEW
Open Access
Current knowledge and perspectives of potential impacts of Salmonella enterica on the profile of the gut microbiota Nesreen H. Aljahdali1,2, Yasser M. Sanad1,3,4, Jing Han1 and Steven L. Foley1*
Abstract In the past decade, the initial studies of the gut microbiota started focusing on the correlation of the composition of the gut microbiota and the health or diseases of the host, and there are extensive literature reviews pertaining to this theme. However, little is known about the association between the microbiota, the host, and pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enterica, which is among the most important foodborne pathogens and identified as the source of multiple outbreaks linked to contaminated foods causing salmonellosis. Secretion systems, flagella, fimbriae, endotoxins, and exotoxins are factors that play the most important roles in the successful infection of the host cell by Salmonella. Infections with S. enterica, which is a threat to human health, can alter the genomic, taxonomic, and functional traits of the gut microbiota. The purpose of this review is to outline the state of knowledge on the impacts of S. enterica on the intestinal microbiota and highlight the need to identify the gut bacteria that could contribute to salmonellosis. Keywords: Gut microbiota, Salmonella enterica, Host cell-micbobe interaction
Background An enteric pathogen is a microbe that impacts the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and causes gastrointestinal diseases. These infectious pathogens, including bacteria such as Escherichia, Campylobacter, Shigella, Yersinia, Salmonella, and other genera, protozoa such as amoeba, rotavirus, and other pathogenic microorganisms, are responsible for causing gastroenteritis [1]. Among enteric pathogens there is often an age-associated bias with the development of gastroenteritis upon exposure. For example, Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes enteric disease in people most commonly during early and late ages, whereas rotaviruses are the most common among infants and young children. Similarly, Campylobacter infections occur most often in early childhood into young * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 3900 NCTR Rd, Jefferson, AR 72079, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
adulthood, while Salmonella infections have higher rates in infants and people over 65 [2]. Salmonella infections are a significant global public health threat and contribute to morbidity and mortality worldwide [3]. The Salmonella genus is generally considered to be divided into two species: S. enterica and S. bongori. Although, S. bongori appears adapted to cold-blooded animals, it can infect humans, but accounts for less than 1% of human infections [4, 5]. On the other hand, several of the subspecies of S. enterica are more commonly isolated from warm-blooded animals. S. enterica includes six subspecies: S. enterica subsp. enterica, S. enterica subsp.
Data Loading...
