Curvularia eragrostidis , a new threat to large cardamom ( Amomum subulatum Roxb.) causing leaf blight in Sikkim
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Curvularia eragrostidis, a new threat to large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) causing leaf blight in Sikkim KABITA GURUNG1, KHASHTI DASILA2, ANITA PANDEY3 and NILADRI BAG1* 1
Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, Gangtok 737 102, India
2
G.B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora 263 643, India
3
Biotechnology Department, Graphic Era University, Clement Town, Dehradun 248 002, India *Corresponding author (Email, [email protected]) MS received 8 April 2020; accepted 18 August 2020
Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.) is now affected by several diseases caused by both viruses and fungi. At present, leaf blight is considered a major threat to cardamom cultivation in Sikkim. During the past two decades, cultivation of the crop in this region has dropped by almost 60%. Hence, to quantify the severity of leaf blight damage and identification of the causal organism for the disease, a survey was conducted from May to August 2017 in different large cardamom growing regions of Sikkim. During this survey, a typical symptom of leaf blight was observed on cardamom leaves in many locations. The leaves with blights were collected, surface sterilized, and inoculated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The pathogen was isolated as pure culture, and on the basis of morphological and microscopic characteristics, the fungus was identified species of Curvularia. Molecular characterization of the fungal isolate with ITS-rDNA partial gene amplification using universal primers (ITS4 and ITS5), showed 100% similarity with Curvularia eragrostidis (family: Pleosporaceae). The fungal isolate and nucleotide sequence was deposited in National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Pune and NCBI with accession numbers NFCCI 4541 and MN710527, respectively. This is the first report on the occurrence of C. eragrostidis pathogen causing leaf blight of large cardamom grown in Sikkim. Keywords.
Curvularia eragrostidis; large cardamom; leaf blight; Sikkim
1. Introduction Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum Roxb.; family Zingiberaceae; order Scitaminae) is a principal cash crop cultivated in the north-eastern state of Sikkim and Darjeeling district of West Bengal. The crop has played a vital role in the economy of Sikkim and other large cardamom growing regions in the country for its exporting and foreign exchange earning potentiality. The crop grows in all the four districts of Sikkim ranging with different altitude from 800–3000 m amsl. Sikkim contributes maximum, i.e. 85%, of large cardamom production in India. It is also cultivated in parts of Uttarakhand and some other north-eastern states like Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Nagaland, http://www.ias.ac.in/jbiosci
Mizoram and Assam (Partap et al. 2014). Large cardamom cultivation is the source of income and livelihood of almost 88% population of Sikkim, and income from this particular crop is significantly higher than other livelihood options
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