Cybercrime, Organized Crime, and Societal Responses International Ap
This timely book provides contributions on international, comparative crime phenomena: gangs, trafficking, fear of crime, and crime prevention. It highlights contributions originally prepared for the XVII World Congress of Criminology and for the 2015 Cyb
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Cybercrime, Organized Crime, and Societal Responses International Approaches
Cybercrime, Organized Crime, and Societal Responses
Emilio C. Viano Editor
Cybercrime, Organized Crime, and Societal Responses International Approaches
Editor Emilio C. Viano International Society of Criminology Washington, DC, USA
ISBN 978-3-319-44499-4 ISBN 978-3-319-44501-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-44501-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016948731 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To the memory of my parents, Giuseppe and Teresa Viano, who taught me, with their example, the value of commitment, work, and perseverance and who have encouraged and supported me in my studies and career with their generosity and sacrifices.
Introduction
Crime and criminality are at the same time centuries-old phenomena and ever changing realities powered by innovations in technology, communications, transportation, and other scientific advances. According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (2013), at least 2.3 billion people, the equivalent of more than one third of the world’s total population, have access to the Internet. Over 60 % of all Internet users are in developing countries, with 45 % of all Internet users below the age of 25 years. By the year 2017, it is estimated that mobile broadband subscriptions will approach 70 % of the world’s total population. By the year 2020, the number of networked devices will outnumber people by six to one, transforming current conceptions of the Internet. In the hyperconnected world of tomorrow, it will become hard to imagine a “computer crime,” and perhaps any crime, that does not involve some element of electronic evidence linked with Internet protocol (IP)
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