Cyclicity and prosodic misalignment in Armenian stems
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Cyclicity and prosodic misalignment in Armenian stems Interaction of morphological and prosodic cophonologies Hossep Dolatian1
Received: 15 December 2018 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Phonological processes are often sensitive to morphological, prosodic, and derivational structure. In terms of derivational structure, a common factor are strata or levels, as in Lexical Phonology (Kiparsky 1982) or Stratal OT (Bermúdez-Otero 2018). Two commonly argued strata are the stem-level and word-level cophonologies which are morphologically triggered. In this paper, I argue that Armenian has cyclic processes which follow this stratal model. However, I also show that Armenian phonology utilizes a prosodically-triggered cophonology. This cophonology is triggered by the prosodic misalignment between the morphological stem (MStem) and syllable boundaries. This occurs before vowel-initial inflection. I argue that this misaligned MStem is parsed into a sublexical prosodic constituent, the Prosodic Stem (PStem: Downing 1999a). This PStem-level cophonology applies between the stemlevel and word-level cophonologies. Keywords Armenian · Vowel reduction · Cyclicity · Prosodic misalignment · Prosodic stem · Strata · Domain narrowing · Stem · Monotonicity · Variation · Cophonology · Phonological life cycle
1 Introduction Phonological processes are often sensitive to morphological, prosodic, and derivational structure (Nespor and Vogel 1986; Hargus and Kaisse 1993; Scheer 2011). In terms of derivational structure, a common factor is strata or levels, as in Lexical Phonology (Kiparsky 1982) or Stratal OT (Bermúdez-Otero 2018). Two commonly argued strata are the stem-level and word-level cophonologies which are morphologically triggered. In this paper, I argue that Armenian has cyclic processes which
B H. Dolatian
[email protected]
1
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
H. Dolatian
follow this stratal model. However, I also show that Armenian phonology utilizes a prosodically-triggered cophonology. This cophonology is triggered by the prosodic misalignment between the morphological stem (MStem) and syllable boundaries. This occurs before vowel-initial inflection. I argue that this MStem is parsed into a misaligned sublexical prosodic constituent, the Prosodic Stem (PStem: Downing 1999a). This PStem-level cophonology applies between the stem-level and wordlevel cophonologies. Armenian is an Indo-European language with two modern standard dialects: Western (WArm) and Eastern Armenian (EArm). In both dialects, stress is final (1a) and suffixation triggers stress shift. Derivational suffixes also trigger the reduction of destressed (1b), not unstressed high vowels (1c), in a process of Destressed High Vowel Reduction (DHR). But the dialects vary on DHR in inflection. In WArm, DHR is not triggered by inflection (1e, 1f); while in EArm, DHR is triggered by V-initial but not by C-initial inflection (1d, 1f).1 (1) a. Base amus´in ‘husband’ b. Der. Suffix c. d. V-initial Infl. e. f. C-initia
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