D-Modules, Perverse Sheaves, and Representation Theory

D-modules continues to be an active area of stimulating research in such mathematical areas as algebra, analysis, differential equations, and representation theory. Key to D-modules, Perverse Sheaves, and Representation Theory is the authors' essential al

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Series Editors Hyman Bass Joseph Oesterl´e Alan Weinstein

Ryoshi Hotta Kiyoshi Takeuchi Toshiyuki Tanisaki

D-Modules, Perverse Sheaves, and Representation Theory Translated by Kiyoshi Takeuchi

Birkh¨auser Boston • Basel • Berlin

Ryoshi Hotta Professor Emeritus of Tohoku University Shirako 2-25-1-1106 Wako 351-0101 Japan [email protected]

Kiyoshi Takeuchi School of Mathematics Tsukuba University Tenoudai 1-1-1 Tsukuba 305-8571 Japan [email protected]

Toshiyuki Tanisaki Department of Mathematics Graduate School of Science Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan [email protected]

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): Primary: 32C38, 20G05; Secondary: 32S35, 32S60, 17B10 Library of Congress Control Number: 2004059581 ISBN-13: 978-0-8176-4363-8

e-ISBN-13: 978-0-8176-4523-6

Printed on acid-free paper. c 2008, English Edition Birkh¨auser Boston c 1995, Japanese Edition, Springer-Verlag Tokyo, D Kagun to Daisugun (D-Modules and Algebraic

Groups) by R. Hotta and T. Tanisaki. All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Birkh¨auser Boston, c/o Springer Science Business Media LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. 987654321 www.birkhauser.com

(JLS/SB)

Preface

D-Modules, Perverse Sheaves, and Representation Theory is a greatly expanded translation of the Japanese edition entitled D kagun to daisugun (D-Modules and Algebraic Groups) which was published by Springer-Verlag Tokyo, 1995. For the new English edition, the two authors of the original book, R. Hotta and T. Tanisaki, have added K. Takeuchi as a coauthor. Significant new material along with corrections and modifications have been made to this English edition. In the summer of 1982, a symposium was held in Kinosaki in which the subject of D-modules and their applications to representation theory was introduced. At that time the theory of regular holonomic D-modules had just been completed and the Kazhdan–Lusztig conjecture had been settled by Brylinski–Kashiwara and Beilinson–Bernstein. The articles that appeared in the published proceedings of the symposium were not well presented and of course the subject was still in its infancy. Several monographs, however, did appear later on D-modules, for example, Björk [Bj2], Borel et al. [Bor3], Kashiwara–Schapira [KS2], Mebkhout [Me5] and others, all of which were taken into account and helped us make our Japanese book more comprehensive and readable. In part