Dark Web Traffic Analysis of Cybersecurity Threats Through South African Internet Protocol Address Space
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Dark Web Traffic Analysis of Cybersecurity Threats Through South African Internet Protocol Address Space C. Gokhale1 · O. O. Olugbara1 Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 6 August 2020 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020
Abstract Cybersecurity crimes masterminded at dark web pose social security threats global and open a conundrum for researchers in the field of security informatics. Dark web describes a layer beneath deep web on Internet protocol stack that is designed to be concealed from orthodox search engines. The concealment of orthodox search engines has made it extremely hard for law enforcement agencies to track specific websites that pose great cybersecurity threats. This research was supported financially by the BankSeta, Council on Scientific and Industrial Research and National Research Foundation of South Africa to track the malicious use of dark web through South African Internet protocol address space. The study applies the method of dark web crawling using onion router to track traffic with high tendency for cybersecurity threats. The results of crawling experimental indicate that child pornography, sales of spyware, hacking, sales of drugs, planning of violence and sales of dangerous weapons are the frequent malicious use of dark web in South Africa. The outcome of this study can help in creating an accurate revelation of cybersecurity threats to assist law enforcement agencies to combat cybercriminals in the country. Keywords Anonymized network · Dark web · Deep web · Onion router · Surface web
Introduction The recent public disclosure of mass surveillance of electronic communication in South Africa has drawn the attention of public to issues of cybersecurity threats. The steady increase in the number of cyberattacks on organizations and nation states is leaving them vulnerable and at severe security risks and privacy of information [1]. The values of the fourth industrial revolution come with a huge price to pay, in terms of undeniable cybersecurity threats and cybercrimes associated with digitization of society. The utilization of an alternative Internet communication platform such as dark web is seen these days as a haven for masterminding and perpetrating different forms of cybercrimes. The communication platform that hide Internet protocol addresses of individuals will prevent the determination of sources and destinations of cybersecurity threats [1]. Individuals accessing the Internet are habituated to a regular * C. Gokhale [email protected] 1
ICT & Society Research Group, South Africa Luban Workshop, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
online world associated with Facebook, Instagram, Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Apple Safari, and common social networking websites without the full awareness of possible cybersecurity threats posed by illicit use of dark web. Dark web describes a layer beneath the deep web in the Internet protocol stack that orthodox search engines like Google, YouTube, Yahoo, Bing, Baidu and Yandex cannot index. T
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