Data Analysis and Outbreak Detection

The analysis components of a syndromic surveillance system focus on detecting the changes in public health status, which may be indicative of disease outbreaks. At the core of these analysis components is the automated process of detecting aberration or d

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Series Editors Ramesh Sharda Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK, USA Stefan Voß University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany

For other titles published in this series, go to http://www.springer.com/series/6157

INFECTIOUS DISEASE INFORMATICS

Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health and BioDefense Hsinchun Chen Daniel Zeng Ping Yan

Hsinchun Chen Department of Management Information Systems Eller College of Management University of Arizona 1130 E. Helen Street Tucson, AZ 85721 USA [email protected]

Daniel Zeng Department of Management Information Systems Eller College of Management University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 USA and Chinese Academy of Sciences [email protected]

Ping Yan Department of Management Information Systems Eller College of Management University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 USA [email protected]

ISSN 1571-0270 ISBN 978-1-4419-1277-0 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1278-7 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1278-7 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2009933262 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preface

ix

Author Biographies

xiii

Acknowledgments

xvii

PART I: SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS Chapter 1. Infectious Disease Informatics: An Introduction and An Analysis Framework

3

Chapter 2. Public Health Syndromic Surveillance Systems 1. Summary of Nationwide Syndromic Surveillance Systems 2. Summary of Syndromic Surveillance Systems at the Local, County, and State Levels 3. Summary of Industrial Solutions for Syndromic Surveillance 4. Summary of International Syndromic Surveillance Projects 5. Syndromic Surveillance for Special Events

17 25 27 29

Chapter 3. Syndromic Surveillance Data Sources and Collection Strategies 1. Data Sources for Public Health Syndromic Surveillance 1.1 Comparison of Data Sources 2. Standardized Vocabularies 2.1 Existing Data Standards Used in Syndromic Surveillance 3. Data Entry and Data Transmission 3.1 Data Entry Approaches 3.2 Secure Data Transmission

33 33 37 42 43 46 47 47

Chapter 4. Data Analysis and Outbreak Detection 1. Syndrome Classification 1.1 Syndrome Classification Approaches 1.2 Performance of Syndrome Classification Approaches 2. A Taxonomy of Outbreak Detection Methods