Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks
Data gathering is one of the primary operations carried out in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It involves data collection with aggregation and data collection without aggregation, referred to as data aggregation and data collection respectively. In the
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Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks Shouling Ji, Jing (Selena) He and Zhipeng Cai
Abstract Data gathering is one of the primary operations carried out in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). It involves data collection with aggregation and data collection without aggregation, referred to as data aggregation and data collection respectively. In the last decade, many techniques for these two applications are proposed, with different focuses, such as accuracy, reliability, time complexity, and so on. This chapter reviews the state of the art of data aggregation and data collection techniques in order to present a comprehensive guidance on how to choose a more appropriate approach for different applications. The definitions of data aggregation and data collection are firstly introduced. Subsequently, the challenges of designing effective data aggregation and data collection methods are discussed. Then some typical data aggregation techniques and their classifications are presented. Particularly, a latest distributed data aggregation algorithm (DAS) is illustrated in details. For data collection, we begin with some new advances and then introduce several new tree-based and cell-based data collection algorithms. Finally, this chapter is ended by pointing out some possible future research directions.
1 Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been successfully applied to a variety of fields. For all the applications, data gathering is one of the primary operations carried out in WSNs, where a base station collects all the data generated from each sensor through wireless communications. Data gathering is mainly for estimating network S. Ji · Z. Cai (B) Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA e-mail: [email protected] J. He Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144-5591, USA H. M. Ammari (ed.), The Art of Wireless Sensor Networks, Signals and Communication Technology, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-40009-4_16, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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Fig. 1 An example WSN
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size, determining average system load, processing user queries, gathering interesting data, and so on. Much effort has been spent on designing effective data gathering approaches with different focuses such as energy-efficiency, network lifetime, delay bound, network throughput, energy-delay tradeoff, and so on [2, 3, 7, 15, 16, 19, 22, 24, 25, 33, 35–38, 41, 49, 51, 59, 62, 67, 69, 72, 73]. In this chapter, we introduce and summarize the recent advances of data gathering, and present some representative works. In general, data gathering can be further classified as data collection with aggregation [2, 3, 15, 16, 22, 25, 35, 49, 59, 62, 67] and data collection without aggregation [7, 19, 24, 36–38, 41, 51, 69, 72, 73], referred to as data aggregation and data collection respectively. In data aggregation, specific aggregation functions are employed during the data gathering process, e.g., MAX, MIN, SUM, AVERAGE, and so o
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