Data Quality Concepts, Methodologies and Techniques
Poor data quality can seriously hinder or damage the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations and businesses. The growing awareness of such repercussions has led to major public initiatives like the "Data Quality Act" in the USA and the "European 200
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Series Editors M.J. Carey S. Ceri Editorial Board P. Bernstein U. Dayal C. Faloutsos J.C. Freytag G. Gardarin W. Jonker V. Krishnamurthy M.-A. Neimat P. Valduriez G. Weikum K.-Y. Whang J. Widom
Carlo Batini · Monica Scannapieca
Data Quality Concepts, Methodologies and Techniques
With 134 Figures
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Carlo Batini Università di Milano Bicocca Dipartimento di Informatica Sistemistica e Comunicazione Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 20126 Milano Italy [email protected] Monica Scannapieca Dipartimento di Informatica e Sistemistica “A. Ruberti” Università di Roma “La Sapienza” Via Salaria 113 00198 Roma Italy [email protected]
Library of Congress Control Number: 2006931550
ACM Computing Classification (1998): H.2, H.1 ISBN-10 3-540-33172-7 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN-13 978-3-540-33172-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2006 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover Design: KünkelLopka, Heidelberg Typesetting: by the Authors Production: LE-TEX Jelonek, Schmidt & Vöckler GbR, Leipzig Printed on acid-free paper
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To my wonderful children, Chiara, Laura, and Giulio. Carlo To Massimo and to my “Ernania” world. Monica
Preface
Motivation for the Book Electronic data play a crucial role in the information and communication technology (ICT) society: they are managed by business and governmental applications, by all kinds of applications on the Web, and are fundamental in all relationships between governments, businesses, and citizens. Because electronic data is so widely diffused, the “quality” of such data and its related effects on every kind of activity of the ICT society are more and more critical. The relevance of data quality in both decisional and operational processes is recognized by several international institutions and organizations. As an example, the importance of data quality in decisional processes is clearly stated in the quality declaration of the European Statistical System [72], in which its mission is identified as follows: “We provide the European Union and the world with high quality information on the economy and society at the European, national, and regional
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