Databases for Iris Biometric Systems: A Survey
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Databases for Iris Biometric Systems: A Survey Farmanullah Jan1 · Mohammed Imran Basheer Ahmed1 · Nasro Min‑Allah1 Received: 26 December 2019 / Accepted: 22 September 2020 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd 2020
Abstract Due to latest advances in information technology, the research community has been exploring new applications for iris biometrics. For example, it has now been integrated into the cell phones, auto teller machines, walk-through portals, etc. Literature reveals that most contemporary iris biometric systems perform poorly for image date where a subject may wear cosmetics (e.g., contact lenses), not cooperate with system, stand at far distance, and/or be on the move. Moreover, research community has also started working on subject’s recognition from video, which is a challenging task. To validate the performance of new algorithms, researchers generally need databases. If they do not find relevant databases, then they need to develop databases demanding for funds and workforce. To address this issue, this study offers an extensive survey of public databases. These databases are classified into the ideal, less-constrained, and unconstrained classes using a subjective metric based on the system’s image acquisition range, level of constrains, and noisy factors in image data. Collectively, these databases offer noisy factors such as blur, non-uniform illumination, poor contrast, eyebrows, hair, off-axis and off-angle eyes, partially open and closed eyes, artificial eyelashes and cosmetic lenses, diseased pupils, light reflections, synthetic irises, fake irises, face images captured at a distance, short videos, and so on. Images in these databases are acquired using the near infrared (NIR) and visible wavelength (VW) illumination. No doubt, the research community could comfortably use these databases to simulate the ideal and/or non-ideal iris biometric conditions. Keywords Iris biometrics · Near-infrared iris database · Visible wavelength iris database · Iris at a distance · Iris on the move
Introduction The information technology (IT) has greatly affected the common man’s life. For example, the cell phones, google maps, Internet, artificial intelligence, global positioning system, and auto teller machines facilitate humans in their daily life routines. Though IT offers many benefits, it also brought uninvited security threats to our lives and assets [1–7]. This fact can be witnessed from the local and/or global media often broadcasting news about the cybercrimes, bank frauds, unlawful access to residential building, restricted zones, etc. It is observed that these events generally occur owing to loopholes inherited in the traditional security means [6].
* Farmanullah Jan [email protected] 1
Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
Reliable recognition of people at the identification place is a serious question. Is an individual really the one who he/ she cla
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