Decentralised Wastewater Treatment at Omkareshwar: A Case Study
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CASE STUDY
Decentralised Wastewater Treatment at Omkareshwar: A Case Study Krishna Kumar Shrivastava1 • Rakesh Kumar Shrivastava1 • Shrey Vimal Jain2
Received: 7 November 2019 / Accepted: 5 October 2020 Ó The Institution of Engineers (India) 2020
Abstract Developing country like India is facing a severe problem of pollution of water bodies due to population explosion and subsequent urban, rural and agricultural growth. It has resulted in increase in domestic and industrial waste which is being discharged in water bodies without providing even primary treatment. River pollution has been one of the main issues in the environmental status of Narmada River due to villages and urban area along its bank. Tapping drains (Nallas) which carries sewage of towns near bank of rivers and treating wastewater carried by them by decentralised sewage treatment plant (DSTP) seems to be timely approach to prevent river pollution. Present study was conducted to find out the pollution situation of Narmada River at Omkareshwar town in dist. Khandwa of Madhya Pradesh state. The water test results of the river Narmada on the samples taken at upstream and downstream of joining of nallas of Omkareshwar town in the duration of 2017–2018 clearly indicate that the water quality of Narmada River is deteriorating. It has high concentration of water quality parameters which are higher than the standard permissible limits. To mitigate the problem of pollution of River Narmada, specifically decentralised wastewater treatment after tapping various nallas has been studied and different technologies adopted for treatment are analysed. The effluent of these treatment units has considerable reduction in the mentioned parameters. Latest technologies like Bio-Remediation with & Krishna Kumar Shrivastava [email protected] 1
Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics Department, SGSITS, Indore 452001, India
2
Global Environment Consultancy Services, Indore 452016, India
Recirculating Reactor (BRR) have been utilised in designing the DSTPs. Keywords Environmental River pollution Biochemical oxygen demand Chemical oxygen demand Narmada River
Introduction The available water resources in the present scenario are getting polluted due to increase in pollution in an exponential manner. It has resulted in disproportionate urbanisation and industrialisation. The improvement in living standard of the people has aggravated the issue further. Due to this, the Indian Rivers are getting degraded considerably. The natural purification of polluted waters in itself is never fast, while heavily polluted water may traverse long distance before a significant degree of purification is achieved [1, 2]. Many Indian rivers, in several stretches, particularly during lean flows, have become unfit even for bathing. India has 12 major river basins, 46 medium river basin and 14 minor and desert river basins [3]. For a river, the quantity and quality of its discharge is a function of rainfall and land use in the catchment. Silt, nutrients and agricultural runoff are its
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