Deciphering Growth

Growth is a complex process that is essential to life. Not only does size play an important role in the process of cellular proliferation, but body size is also a critical factor in determining which organisms live longer. In mammals, the major factors in

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J.-C. Carel

P.A. Kelly

Y. Christen (Eds.)

Deciphering Growth With 42 Figures and 14 Tables

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Jean-Claude Carel, M.D. Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul INSERM U.561 − Service d‘Endocrinologie Pédiatrique Groupe Hospitalier Cochin-Saint Vincent de Paul-La-Roche Guyon 74 à 82, Av Denfert Rochereau 75674 Paris Cedex 14 France

Yves Christen, Ph.D. Fondation IPSEN Pour la Recherche Thérapeutique 24, rue Erlanger 75781 Paris Cedex 16 France E-mail: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]

Paul A. Kelly, Ph.D. Inserm U584 Faculté de Médecine Necker Enfants Malades 156, Rue de Vaugirard 75730 Paris Cedex 15 France E-mail: [email protected]

ISSN 10 3-540-26192-3 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 13 978-3-540-26192-6 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2005926672 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer-Verlag is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springeronline.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about dosage and application contained in this book. In every individual case the user must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Editor: Dr. Rolf Lange, Heidelberg Desk Editor: Anne Clauss, Heidelberg Production: PRO EDIT GmbH, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany Cover design: design & production, 69121 Heidelberg, Germany Typesetting: SDS, Leimen, Germany Printed on acid-free paper 27/3152Re – 5 4 3 2 1 0

Preface

Growth is a complex process that is essential to life. Not only does size play an important role in the process of cellular proliferation, but body size is also a critical factor in determining which organisms live longer. Evolution has been characterised by a dramatic increase in an organism’s body size, which is not only limited to the size of the brain. In mammals, the major factors involved in the regulation of body growth are known: insulin-like growth factors (IGF) are key regulators of somatic growth. Growth hormone (GH), secreted by the pituitary gland, directly regulates circulating levels of IGF-I, which is the major coordinator of spatiotemporal growth of the organism. In humans, growth is ev